To understand the molecular mechanism underlying tepal development and pigmentation in Lilium tsingtauense Gilg, we performed whole-transcriptome profiles from closed buds at the greenish tepal stage (CBS), the full-bloom with un-horizontal tepal stage (UFS), and the completely opened bud with reflected tepal stage (RFS) of L. tsingtauense. More than 95 699 transcripts were generated using a de novo assembly approach. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the assembled transcripts revealed carbon metabolism is involved in tepal development and pigmentation. In total, 8171 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in three tepal stages were identified. Among these DEGs, ~994 genes putatively encoded transcription factors (TFs), whereas 693 putatively encoded protein kinases. Regarding hormone pathways, 51 DEGs involved in auxin biosynthesis and signalling and 10 DEGs involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling. We also isolated seven LtEXPANSINs, including four EXPAs, one EXPB, one EXLA and one EXLB. LtEXLB1 (GenBank: MN856627) was expressed at higher levels in UFS and RFS, compared with CBS. Silencing LtEXLB1 in leaf discs and tepals by virus-induced gene silencing significantly decreased cell expansion under rehydration conditions. Further analysis revealed that more cell numbers were existed in the abaxial and adaxial subepidermis in the silenced LtEXLB1 samples. As the first transcriptome of L. tsingtauense, the unigenes are a valuable resource for future studies on tepal development, and LtEXLB1 functions in cell expansion.

为了了解Liss tsingtauense Gilg中花被发育和色素沉着的分子机制，我们从绿色花被阶段（CBS），无水平花被阶段（UFS）的全花期和完全花期进行了封闭芽的全转录组分析tsingtauense的反射花期（RFS）打开的芽。从头开始生成了超过95699个笔录组装方法。基因本体和组装转录本的途径分析表明，碳代谢与花被发育和色素沉着有关。总共鉴定出了三个花被阶段的8171个差异表达基因（DEG）。在这些DEG中，约994个基因推定编码转录因子（TF），而693个推定编码的蛋白激酶。关于激素途径，涉及植物生长素生物合成和信号传导的51个DEG和涉及乙烯生物合成和信号传导的10个DEG。我们还隔离了七个LtEXPANSIN，包括四个EXPA，一个EXPB，一个EXLA和一个EXLB。与CBS相比，LtEXLB1（GenBank：MN856627）在UFS和RFS中表达较高。沉默LtEXLB1在水合条件下，由病毒诱导的基因沉默引起的叶盘和花被中的细胞显着降低。进一步的分析表明，沉默的LtEXLB1样本的正反表皮下和表皮下存在更多的细胞数。作为ts.tingtauense的第一个转录组，unigenes是将来对tepal发育进行研究的宝贵资源，LtEXLB1在细胞扩增中具有功能。