Spring‐seeded annual forages are well adapted to the Great Plains; however, the influence of application rate and method of N fertilization on winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) forage productivity is unknown. A field study was conducted in a factorial design for 3 yr to determine the influence of N application rate and method on water and N productivity of awnletted WW ‘Willow Creek’. Urea was either broadcast or banded at planting using N fertilization rates of 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N ha⁻¹. The N application rate × method interaction was significant only for WW height. Weed herbage was low at WW forage harvest, 19 kg ha⁻¹. As N fertilization rate increased from 0 to 84 kg N ha⁻¹, wheat stem density and height increased by 70 and 78%, respectively, and herbage increased by 58%. Increased N rate increased WW water use quadratically, but water productivity (kg biomass ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) was 68% greater at 84 kg N ha⁻¹. However, N application method did not influence water use or productivity. Banded N application increased N accumulation in WW herbage by 11% compared to broadcast N. Increasing N rate reduced N productivity by 24% compared to 0 kg N ha⁻¹. Willow Creek WW produced greater herbage yield as N fertilization rate increased with banded application. Willow Creek is a highly productive fall‐planted forage in this predominantly spring‐planted small grain–grain legume region.

中文翻译：

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施氮量和施肥方法对饲用冬小麦水氮生产力的影响

春季播种的年度牧草非常适合大平原。但是，氮肥的施用量和施肥方式对冬小麦（WW）（Triticum aestivum L.）饲草生产力的影响尚不清楚。在因子设计中进行了为期3年的田间研究，以确定施氮量和施氮方法对带遮盖的WW'Willow Creek'水分和氮生产力的影响。播种时，尿素以0、28、56和84 kg N ha ^-1的N施肥率播种或播种。N施用率×方法相互作用仅对WW高度有意义。WW草料收获时的杂草牧草很低，为19 kg ha ^-1。随着施氮量从0增加到84 kg N ha ^-1，小麦茎的密度和高度分别增加70％和78％，牧草增加58％。N含量增加使WW用水增加了两倍，但水生产率（kg生物量ha ^-1  mm ^-1）在84 kg N ha ^-1时提高了68％。但是，施氮方法不会影响用水量或生产率。与广播氮相比，条带化施氮使WW牧草中的氮积累增加了11％。与0 kg N ha ^-1相比，增加氮肥的施用量使氮生产率降低了24％。随着施氮量的增加，Willow Creek WW的牧草产量更高。在这个以春季种植的小谷粒豆类作物地区，柳树溪是高产的秋季种植草料。