Increasing scholarship has focused on a shift in scientific water paradigm in the 21st century from an understanding of water systems as stationary, predictable and command‐and‐control as appropriate governance to an understanding of them as complex, dynamic, and uncertain. This shift has been characterized in several ways. We focused on two prominent characterizations: as a “new water paradigm” and as “water resilience.” We identified the defining hallmarks of each, the “precursor” scholarship upon which these Defining Works build, and how the Defining Works have been advanced with “Subsequent Works” that cite them. We used bibliometric data to analyze the three bodies of literature and inductive coding to identify the hallmarks of the new water paradigm and water resilience from Defining Works. Four categories of hallmarks were identified that describe the emerging scientific water paradigm: complex adaptive systems orientation; governance and management configurations, which are inclusive, integrative, adaptive; governance and management actions that emphasize linkages between social and ecological systems and imperative of sustainability; and, attributes of diversity, redundancy and openness. There was insufficient evidence in fields of research, author country, and publishing journals to confirm that the emerging scientific water paradigm has been conceptualized in two distinct ways. Despite the degree of similarity between the two conceptualizations, the literature is strongly oriented toward one or the other. We suggest consilience between these two conceptualizations and scholars working with them to advance collective understanding of governance and management in light of our current understanding of water systems.

中文翻译：

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新兴的科学水范式：前体，标志和轨迹

越来越多的学者将注意力集中在21世纪科学水范式的转变上，从对水系统作为固定，可预测和命令控制的适当治理的理解到对水系统的复杂，动态和不确定的理解。这种转变已通过几种方式体现出来。我们专注于两个突出的特征：作为“新水范式”和“水弹性”。我们确定了每项定义的标志，这些定义作品所基于的“先驱”奖学金，以及如何通过引用它们的“后续作品”来推进定义作品。我们使用文献计量数据分析了这三个文献，并使用归纳编码来确定“定义工作”中新的水范式和水弹性的标志。确定了描述新兴科学水范式的四类标志：复杂的自适应系统定位；包容，整合，适应性的治理和管理配置；强调社会与生态系统之间联系和可持续性势在必行的治理和管理行动；以及多样性，冗余性和开放性的属性。在研究，作者所在国家和出版刊物领域，没有足够的证据来证实新兴科学水范式已经以两种截然不同的方式进行了概念化。尽管两种概念化之间的相似程度很高，但文献还是强烈地针对一种或另一种。