Air travel, including academic conference travel, is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and must be limited to achieve climate change targets. To model reduction potentials, we analyzed travel emissions for three global conferences of the International Society for Industrial Ecology. Travel emissions were 722–955 t CO₂e per conference and averaged 1.3–1.8 t CO₂e per attendee. A shift to land transport for short flights has a maximum reduction potential of only 5% because long-haul flights contribute most of the emissions. A carbon tax of 100$/t CO₂e could reduce emissions by 4–14% but students face the largest relative increase in the cost of conference attendance. Having the 10% of attendees who travel furthest attend virtually reduces conference travel emissions by 20–30%. A multi-site conference with two video-linked locations yields a reduction of 25–50%; a three-site conference yields a reduction of 46–75% and combined with a shift to land transport a reduction of up to 82%. A virtual conference would yield zero travel emissions. We conclude that the effectiveness of the reduction options mostly depends on how international the conference is and whether the longest flights are eliminated. We call on conference organizers, universities, academic societies, and funders to further develop, support, and implement multi-site and virtual conference models. This article met the requirements for a gold–silver JIE data openness badge described in http://jie.click/badges

中文翻译：

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学术会议旅行的减排潜力

航空旅行，包括学术会议旅行，是全球温室气体排放的主要贡献者，必须加以限制以实现气候变化目标。为了模拟减排潜力，我们分析了国际工业生态学会三个全球会议的旅行排放。每次会议的差旅排放量为 722–955 t CO ₂ e，每位与会者平均排放1.3–1.8 t CO ₂ e。短途航班转向陆路运输的最大减排潜力仅为 5%，因为长途航班贡献了大部分排放。100 美元/吨 CO _{2 的}碳税e 可以减少 4-14% 的排放量，但学生面临的会议出席成本的相对增加幅度最大。让 10% 的出差最远的与会者参加会议，实际上减少了 20-30% 的会议差旅排放。具有两个视频链接位置的多站点会议可减少 25-50%；三个地点的会议减少了 46-75%，加上向陆路运输的转变，减少了高达 82%。虚拟会议将产生零旅行排放。我们得出的结论是，减少方案的有效性主要取决于会议的国际化程度以及最长的航班是否被取消。我们呼吁会议组织者、大学、学术团体和资助者进一步开发、支持和实施多站点和虚拟会议模型。