当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Anim. Ecol. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Differential effects of fertilisers on pollination and parasitoid interaction networks
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13373
Edith Villa‐Galaviz 1 , Simon M. Smart 2 , Elizabeth L. Clare 3 , Susan E. Ward 4 , Jane Memmott 1
Affiliation  

1. Grassland fertilisation drives non-random plant loss resulting in areas dominated by perennial grass species. How these changes cascade through linked trophic levels, however, is not well understood. 2. We studied how grassland fertilisation propagates change through the plant assemblage into the plant-flower visitor, plant-leaf miner and leaf miner-parasitoid networks using a year's data collection from a long-term grassland fertiliser application experiment. Our experiment had three fertiliser treatments each applied to replicate plots 15 m2 in size: mineral fertiliser, farmyard manure, and mineral fertiliser and farmyard manure combined, along with a control of no fertiliser. 3. The combined treatment had the most significant impact, and both plant species richness and floral abundance decreased with the addition of fertiliser. While insect species richness was unaffected by fertiliser treatment, fertilised plots had a significantly higher abundance of leaf miners and parasitoids and a significantly lower abundance of bumblebees. The plant-flower visitor and plant-herbivore networks showed higher values of vulnerability and lower modularity with fertiliser addition, while leaf miner-parasitoid networks showed a rise in generality. 4. The different groups of insects were impacted by fertilisers to varying degrees: while the effect on abundance was the highest for leaf miners, the vulnerability and modularity of flower visitor networks was the most affected. The impact on the abundance of leaf miners was positive and three times higher than the impact on parasitoids, and the impact on bumblebee abundance was negative and double the magnitude of impact on flower abundance. 5. Overall our results show that while insect species richness was unaffected by fertilisers, network structure changed significantly as the replacement of forbs by grasses resulted in changes in relative abundance across trophic levels, with the direction of change depending on the type of network. 6. Synthesis: By studying multiple networks simultaneously, we were able to rank the relative impact of habitat change on the different groups of species within the community. This provided a more holistic picture of the impact of agricultural intensification and provides useful information when deciding on priorities for mitigation.

中文翻译:

肥料对授粉和寄生蜂相互作用网络的不同影响

1. 草地施肥导致非随机植物损失,导致多年生草种占主导地位的地区。然而,这些变化如何通过相关的营养水平级联,尚不清楚。2. 我们使用从长期草地施肥试验中收集的一年数据,研究了草地施肥如何通过植物组合将变化传播到植物-花卉访问者、植物-潜叶虫和潜叶虫-寄生蜂网络中。我们的试验有 3 种肥料处理,每个处理都应用于 15 m2 大小的重复样地:矿物肥料、农家肥、矿物肥料和农家肥相结合,以及不施肥的对照。3、复合处理的影响最显着,植物物种丰富度和花卉丰富度均随着肥料的添加而降低。虽然昆虫物种丰富度不受肥料处理的影响,但施肥的地块中潜叶虫和寄生蜂的丰度显着更高,而大黄蜂的丰度显着降低。植物 - 花卉访客和植物 - 食草动物网络在肥料添加时表现出更高的脆弱性和更低的模块化,而潜叶虫 - 寄生蜂网络显示出普遍性的上升。4. 不同种类的昆虫受肥料的影响程度不同:潜叶虫对丰度的影响最大,而花卉访问者网络的脆弱性和模块性受影响最大。对潜叶虫丰度的影响是正面的,是对寄生蜂影响的三倍,对大黄蜂丰度的影响是负面的,是对花丰度影响的两倍。5. 总体而言,我们的结果表明,虽然昆虫物种丰富度不受肥料的影响,但网络结构发生了显着变化,因为草取代杂草导致不同营养级别的相对丰度发生变化,变化方向取决于网络类型。6. 综合:通过同时研究多个网络,我们能够对栖息地变化对社区内不同物种群体的相对影响进行排名。这为农业集约化的影响提供了更全面的图景,并在决定缓解优先事项时提供了有用的信息。网络结构发生了显着变化,因为草取代杂草导致不同营养级别的相对丰度发生变化,变化方向取决于网络类型。6. 综合:通过同时研究多个网络,我们能够对栖息地变化对社区内不同物种群体的相对影响进行排名。这为农业集约化的影响提供了更全面的图景,并在决定缓解优先事项时提供了有用的信息。网络结构发生了显着变化,因为草取代杂草导致不同营养级别的相对丰度发生变化,变化方向取决于网络类型。6. 综合:通过同时研究多个网络,我们能够对栖息地变化对社区内不同物种群体的相对影响进行排名。这为农业集约化的影响提供了更全面的图景,并在决定缓解优先事项时提供了有用的信息。
更新日期:2020-10-28
down
wechat
bug