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High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral‐ and algae‐dominated reef communities
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3226
Florian Roth 1, 2, 3 , Nils RAdecker 1, 4, 5 , Susana Carvalho 1 , Carlos M. Duarte 1, 6 , Vincent Saderne 1 , Andrea Anton 1, 6 , Luis Silva 1 , Maria Ll. Calleja 1, 7 , XosÉ Anxelu G. MorÁn 1 , Christian R. Voolstra 1, 4 , Benjamin Kürten 1, 8 , Burton H. Jones 1 , Christian Wild 9
Affiliation  

Shifts from coral to algal dominance are expected to increase in tropical coral reefs as a result of anthropogenic disturbances. The consequences for key ecosystem functions such as primary productivity, calcification, and nutrient recycling are poorly understood, particularly under changing environmental conditions. We used a novel in situ incubation approach to compare functions of coral- and algae-dominated communities in the central Red Sea bi-monthly over an entire year. In situ gross and net community primary productivity, calcification, dissolved organic carbon fluxes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, and their respective activation energies were quantified to describe the effects of seasonal changes. Overall, coral-dominated communities exhibited 30% lower net productivity and 10 times higher calcification than algae-dominated communities. Estimated activation energies indicated a higher thermal sensitivity of coral-dominated communities. In these communities, net productivity and calcification were negatively correlated with temperature (>40% and >65% reduction, respectively, with +5°C increase from winter to summer), while carbon losses via respiration and dissolved organic carbon release were more than doubled at higher temperatures. In contrast, algae-dominated communities doubled net productivity in summer, while calcification and dissolved organic carbon fluxes were unaffected. These results suggest pronounced changes in community functioning associated with phase shifts. Algae-dominated communities may outcompete coral-dominated communities due to their higher productivity and carbon retention to support fast biomass accumulation while compromising the formation of important reef framework structures. Higher temperatures likely amplify these functional differences, indicating a high vulnerability of ecosystem functions of coral-dominated communities to temperatures even below coral bleaching thresholds. Our results suggest that ocean warming may not only cause but also amplify coral-algal phase shifts in coral reefs.

中文翻译:

夏季高温加剧了珊瑚和藻类主导的珊瑚礁群落之间的功能差异

由于人为干扰,预计热带珊瑚礁从珊瑚到藻类优势的转变将增加。人们对初级生产力、钙化和养分循环等关键生态系统功能的影响知之甚少,尤其是在不断变化的环境条件下。我们使用一种新颖的原位孵化方法来比较红海中部以珊瑚和藻类为主的群落在整年中每两个月一次的功能。原位总和净群落初级生产力、钙化、溶解有机碳通量、溶解无机氮通量及其各自的活化能被量化以描述季节性变化的影响。全面的,以珊瑚为主的群落与以藻类为主的群落相比,净生产力低 30%,钙化程度高 10 倍。估计的活化能表明珊瑚主导的群落具有更高的热敏感性。在这些群落中,净生产力和钙化与温度呈负相关(分别降低 >40% 和 >65%,从冬季到夏季升高 +5°C),而通过呼吸和溶解有机碳释放的碳损失超过在较高温度下翻倍。相比之下,以藻类为主的群落在夏季使净生产力翻了一番,而钙化和溶解的有机碳通量不受影响。这些结果表明与相移相关的社区功能发生了显着变化。藻类主导的群落可能会胜过珊瑚主导的群落,因为它们具有更高的生产力和碳保留能力,以支持生物量的快速积累,同时不利于重要珊瑚礁框架结构的形成。较高的温度可能会放大这些功能差异,这表明珊瑚占主导地位的社区的生态系统功能对温度甚至低于珊瑚白化阈值的脆弱性很高。我们的研究结果表明,海洋变暖不仅可能导致而且放大珊瑚礁中的珊瑚-藻类相移。表明珊瑚占主导地位的社区的生态系统功能对温度甚至低于珊瑚白化阈值的脆弱性很高。我们的研究结果表明,海洋变暖不仅可能导致而且放大珊瑚礁中的珊瑚-藻类相移。表明珊瑚占主导地位的社区的生态系统功能对温度甚至低于珊瑚白化阈值的脆弱性很高。我们的研究结果表明,海洋变暖不仅可能导致而且放大珊瑚礁中的珊瑚-藻类相移。
更新日期:2020-12-27
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