Abstract The acellular adipose matrix (AAM) represents a promising source of biomaterial for applications in soft tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to prepare an injectable AAM to serve as a ready-to-use allograft. A fabrication procedure including harvesting, delipidating, and decellularizing was established. Accordingly, we proposed a mechanical disruption during delipidation and a final homogenization to produce the AAM powder in an injectable form. Our results demonstrated that mechanical disruption would enhance the efficiency of fat removal from the tissue and would significantly shorten the delipidation duration. A decellularization strategy composed of Tris–HCl and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate was developed for adipose tissue. The evidence for a complete cellular remnant removal was shown through Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and DNA measurements. The AAM powder was prepared by mechanical disruption under reduced temperatures, which resulted in an AAM particle size in the range of 100 μm. In vitro cytotoxicity testing via extraction demonstrated that AAM had no toxicity on human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). Further experiments showed a positive support of the AAM extraction on the migration and proliferation of hADSCs, which indicated its role as a modulator for cell recruitment and proliferation during the tissue remodeling process. Subcutaneous injection of AAM presented a gradual degradation and integration with the surrounding tissues. In the following 8 week post-injection period, AAM supported the in vivo adipogenesis observed in the peripheral side along the implant. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the fabrication protocol for the acellular adipose matrix can be applied to injectable materials, which provide proper biocompatibility and potential applicability as off-the-shelf material for soft tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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用于软组织再生的可注射脱细胞脂肪基质的制备

摘要 脱细胞脂肪基质 (AAM) 是软组织再生应用中很有前景的生物材料来源。在这项研究中，我们旨在制备一种可注射的 AAM 作为即用型同种异体移植物。建立了包括收获、脱脂和脱细胞的制造程序。因此，我们建议在脱脂和最终均质过程中进行机械破坏，以产生可注射形式的 AAM 粉末。我们的结果表明，机械破坏会提高从组织中去除脂肪的效率，并会显着缩短脱脂持续时间。为脂肪组织开发了一种由 Tris-HCl 和十二烷基硫酸钠组成的脱细胞策略。通过苏木精和伊红染色以及 DNA 测量显示了完全去除细胞残余物的证据。AAM 粉末是在降低的温度下通过机械破碎制备的，这导致 AAM 粒径在 100 μm 范围内。通过提取进行的体外细胞毒性测试表明，AAM 对人脂肪干细胞 (hADSC) 没有毒性。进一步的实验表明 AAM 提取对 hADSCs 的迁移和增殖有积极的支持，这表明其在组织重塑过程中作为细胞募集和增殖的调节剂。皮下注射 AAM 呈现出逐渐降解并与周围组织融合。在接下来的 8 周后注射期间，AAM 支持在沿植入物的外周侧观察到的体内脂肪生成。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，脱细胞脂肪基质的制造协议可以应用于可注射材料，这些材料提供适当的生物相容性和潜在适用性，作为软组织再生的现成材料。