Urban green space (UGS) is an essential element in the urban environment, providing multiple ecosystem services as well as beneficial effects on physical and mental health. In a time of societal crisis these effects may be amplified, but ensuring that they are maintained requires effective planning and management – which is a complex challenge given the rapid changes in modern society and the need for continual adaptation. This study aims to identify the drivers that normally attract visitors to UGS, and to assess the effects of social isolation on the usage and perception of UGS during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey during the period in which restrictive measures were imposed in response to the pandemic (March-May 2020), in Croatia, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia and Spain. Results showed that urban residents normally have a need for accessible UGS, mainly for physical exercise, relaxing and observing nature. The reduction in UGS visitation during the containment period was related to distinct changes in the motivations of those who did visit, with a relative increase in "necessary activities" such as taking the dog out, and a reduction in activities that could be considered non-essential or high-risk such as meeting people or observing nature. Behavioral changes related to proximity were also observed, with an increase in people walking to small urban gardens nearby (e.g. in Italy) or tree-lined streets (e.g. in Spain, Israel), and people traveling by car to green areas outside the city (e.g. in Lithuania). What the respondents missed the most about UGS during the pandemic was "spending time outdoors" and "meeting other people" – highlighting that during the COVID-19 isolation, UGS was important for providing places of solace and respite, and for allowing exercise and relaxation. Respondents expressed the need for urban greenery even when legally mandated access was limited – and many proposed concrete suggestions for improved urban planning that integrates green spaces of different sizes within the fabric of cities and neighborhoods, so that all residents have access to UGS.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行对城市绿地使用和感知的影响：一项国际探索性研究

城市绿地 (UGS) 是城市环境中的重要元素，提供多种生态系统服务，并对身心健康产生有益影响。在社会危机时期，这些影响可能会被放大，但确保它们得以维持需要有效的规划和管理——鉴于现代社会的快速变化和不断适应的需要，这是一项复杂的挑战。本研究旨在确定通常吸引游客使用 UGS 的驱动因素，并评估在 COVID-19 大流行期间社会隔离对 UGS 使用和感知的影响。我们在克罗地亚、以色列、意大利、立陶宛、斯洛文尼亚和西班牙为应对大流行而采取限制措施期间（2020 年 3 月至 5 月）进行了一项在线调查。结果显示，城市居民通常对无障碍UGS有需求，主要用于体育锻炼、放松和观察自然。收容期间 UGS 探视的减少与那些探视者动机的明显变化有关，“必要活动”（如带狗外出）相对增加，而可被视为非“非”的活动减少。必要的或高风险的，例如与人会面或观察自然。还观察到与接近度相关的行为变化，越来越多的人步行到附近的小型城市花园（例如在意大利）或绿树成荫的街道（例如在西班牙、以色列），以及开车到城外绿地的人（例如在立陶宛）。大流行期间受访者最怀念UGS的是“