Abstract We derive the relation between cumulants of a conserved charge measured in a subvolume of a thermal system and the corresponding grand-canonical susceptibilities, taking into account exact global conservation of that charge. The derivation is presented for an arbitrary equation of state, with the assumption that the subvolume is sufficiently large to be close to the thermodynamic limit. Our framework – the subensemble acceptance method (SAM) – quantifies the effect of global conservation laws and is an important step toward a direct comparison between cumulants of conserved charges measured in central heavy ion collisions and theoretical calculations of grand-canonical susceptibilities, such as lattice QCD. As an example, we apply our formalism to net-baryon fluctuations at vanishing baryon chemical potentials as encountered in collisions at the LHC and RHIC.

中文翻译：

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将重离子碰撞中的波动测量与大正则磁化率联系起来

摘要 我们推导出在热系统的子体积中测量的守恒电荷的累积量与相应的正则磁化率之间的关系，同时考虑到该电荷的精确全局守恒。推导是针对任意状态方程提出的，假设子体积足够大以接近热力学极限。我们的框架 - 子集合接受方法 (SAM) - 量化了全球守恒定律的影响，并且是直接比较中心重离子碰撞中测量的守恒电荷累积量与大正则磁化率（如晶格）的理论计算之间的重要一步QCD。举个例子，