Abundant evidence from in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies supports the gut microbiota-derived metabolites as crucial executors of diet effect on the host physiology. As such, a number of microbiota-derived metabolites produced from diet have been connected to complex forms of human diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite current unresolved questions concerning molecular mechanisms between metabolites, host signaling pathways, and CRC, some new progresses promise continued advancement of the field. Therefore, clarification of the molecular events underlying which metabolites may regulate proliferation of colonocytes will hopefully open up new avenues for seeking the possibilities affecting host health and exploitation of these capabilities for therapeutic purpose. In this Review, we will discuss recent insights into contributions of the gut microbiota-derived metabolites to CRC and argue that the cumulative effects of metabolites should be considered with the intention of better predict and prevent cancer progression. We will also discuss the signaling pathways induced by specific metabolites toward down-regulation and/or up-regulation of immune system that eventually trigger progression and/or inhibition of CRC.

大量证据从体外以及在体内研究支持肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物作为饮食对宿主生理的重要执行者。因此，从饮食中产生的许多微生物来源的代谢产物已与人类疾病的复杂形式（例如结直肠癌（CRC））联系在一起。尽管目前尚未解决有关代谢物，宿主信号传导途径和CRC之间的分子机制的问题，但一些新进展有望继续推动该领域的发展。因此，阐明潜在的代谢物可能调节结肠细胞增殖的分子事件将有望开辟新的途径，以寻求影响宿主健康的可能性以及将这些能力用于治疗目的。在这篇评论中，我们将讨论肠道微生物来源的代谢物对CRC的贡献的最新见解，并认为应考虑代谢物的累积作用，以更好地预测和预防癌症的进展。我们还将讨论由特定代谢物诱导的免疫系统下调和/或上调，最终触发CRC进程和/或抑制的信号传导途径。