Abstract According to the principles of sustainable mobility, public transport (PT) is becoming a new paradigm to measure the accessibility of a region. This paper analyses PT accessibility for commuters that travel in cross-border areas of Central Europe, a region that has registered a significant growth of transnational movements in the last 20 years. A specific geographic area (i.e. the boundary between Hungary and Austria) is then deepened, according to its territorial and socio-economic peculiarities. Here, the indicators usually adopted in a gravity model (i.e. distance between origins and destinations and their number of inhabitants) do not completely match with the registered movements; rather, the average income and the work opportunities available in the destinations explain the cross-border flows better. Then, a Cross-Border Commuting PT Accessibility based on the Relative Network Efficiency Indicator is made for the main connections and compared with the Domestic Commuting PT Accessibility. This analysis highlights that 1) cross-border accessibility by PT is limited for several rural destinations that have few inhabitants but a non-negligible number of cross-border commuters; 2) the differences in PT attractiveness between domestic and transnational journeys are still very high and are mainly due to long travel times, complex multimodal chains, and unappealing fares. These results suggest the importance of an integrated approach among operators from different territories, which are called upon to bridge the existing technical, coordination and cooperation gaps.

中文翻译：

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跨境通勤公共交通效率：中欧基于可达性的分析

摘要 根据可持续交通的原则，公共交通（PT）正在成为衡量一个地区可达性的新范式。本文分析了在中欧跨境地区旅行的通勤者的 PT 可达性，该地区在过去 20 年中跨国流动显着增长。然后根据其领土和社会经济特点加深特定地理区域（即匈牙利和奥地利之间的边界）。在这里，重力模型中通常采用的指标（即起点和目的地之间的距离及其居民数量）与注册的运动不完全匹配；相反，目的地的平均收入和工作机会更好地解释了跨境流动。然后，对主要连接进行了基于相对网络效率指标的跨境通勤 PT 可达性，并与国内通勤 PT 可达性进行了比较。该分析强调了 1) PT 的跨境可达性对于几个居民很少但跨境通勤者数量不可忽略的农村目的地是有限的；2）国内和跨国旅行的PT吸引力差异仍然很大，主要是由于旅行时间长，多式联运链复杂，票价不吸引人。这些结果表明了来自不同地区的运营商之间采取综合方法的重要性，这些方法被要求弥合现有的技术、协调和合作差距。