Key message

By studying three cv. Malbec clones cultivated in two vineyards with contrasting environmental conditions, we demonstrated that DNA methylation has an important role in the phenotypic plasticity and that epigenetic modulation is clone-dependent.

Abstract

Clonal selection and vegetative propagation determine low genetic variability in grapevine cultivars, although it is common to observe diverse phenotypes. Environmental signals may induce epigenetic changes altering gene expression and phenotype. The range of phenotypes that a genotype expresses in different environments is known as phenotypic plasticity. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism, but only few works evaluated this novel source of variability in grapevines. In the present study, we analyzed the effects on phenotypic traits and epigenome of three Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec clones cultivated in two contrasting vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina. Anonymous genome regions were analyzed using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) markers. Clone-dependent phenotypic and epigenetic variability between vineyards were found. The clone that presented the clearer MSAP differentiation between vineyards was selected and analyzed through reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Twenty-nine differentially methylated regions between vineyards were identified and associated to genes and/or promoters. We discuss about a group of genes related to hormones homeostasis and sensing that could provide a hint of the epigenetic role in the determination of the different phenotypes observed between vineyards and conclude that DNA methylation has an important role in the phenotypic plasticity and that epigenetic modulation is clone-dependent.

中文翻译：

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葡萄园环境以克隆依赖的方式影响马尔贝克葡萄的表型性状和 DNA 甲基化模式

关键信息

通过研究三个简历。在两个环境条件不同的葡萄园中培养的马尔贝克克隆，我们证明了 DNA 甲基化在表型可塑性中具有重要作用，并且表观遗传调节是克隆依赖性的。

抽象的

克隆选择和无性繁殖决定了葡萄品种的低遗传变异性，尽管观察到不同的表型很常见。环境信号可能会诱导改变基因表达和表型的表观遗传变化。基因型在不同环境中表达的表型范围称为表型可塑性。DNA甲基化是研究最多的表观遗传机制，但只有少数作品评估了葡萄藤中这种新的变异来源。在本研究中，我们分析了对三种葡萄的表型性状和表观基因组的影响。简历。马尔贝克克隆在阿根廷门多萨的两个截然不同的葡萄园中种植。使用甲基化敏感扩增多态性 (MSAP) 标记分析匿名基因组区域。发现了葡萄园之间的克隆依赖性表型和表观遗传变异性。通过降低代表性的亚硫酸氢盐测序选择并分析了在葡萄园之间表现出更清晰 MSAP 差异的克隆。鉴定了葡萄园之间的 29 个差异甲基化区域，并与基因和/或启动子相关联。