In a re-structured environment, demand response (DR) programs are presented in a new style. The demand response program consists of demand-side management methods which answers to electricity price variations. With advent of electricity markets, the demand-side management programs was introduced into two categories: (1) energy efficiency program, (2) demand response program. This paper studies engagement of participants load in an electricity market having a grid with large and small loads interested to participate in the market, energy storage systems, micro-grids, and distributed generations. In the proposed scheme, it is supposed to have an aggregator which sends demand-side preferences including load curtailment, load shifting, onsite generation, and energy storage systems along with proposed value and prices and all respective system constraints to the independent system operator (ISO). In fact, load aggregators submit aggregated DR offers to the ISO in order to optimize final decisions on aggregators’ DR contributions in wholesale market. The main goal of this paper is to solve the operation problem considering demand-side, system, and pollution and reliability constraints. Compared to other methods, the results indicate that the explicit modeling of customer DR would provide ISOs with more flexible options for scheduling the available energy resources in day-ahead energy markets.

中文翻译：

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考虑环境污染约束的需求响应计划参与者运行的电力系统的协调性能

在重组的环境中，需求响应 (DR) 计划以新的方式呈现。需求响应程序包括响应电价变化的需求侧管理方法。随着电力市场的出现，需求侧管理方案分为两类：（1）能效方案，（2）需求响应方案。本文研究了电力市场参与者负载的参与，该市场具有有兴趣参与市场的大小负载电网、储能系统、微电网和分布式发电。在提议的方案中，它应该有一个聚合器，它发送需求侧的偏好，包括负荷削减、负荷转移、现场发电、和储能系统，以及对独立系统运营商 (ISO) 的提议价值和价格以及所有相应的系统限制。事实上，负载聚合器向 ISO 提交聚合的 DR 报价，以优化有关聚合器在批发市场中的 DR 贡献的最终决策。本文的主要目标是解决考虑需求侧、系统以及污染和可靠性约束的运行问题。与其他方法相比，结果表明，客户 DR 的显式建模将为 ISO 提供更灵活的选项来安排日前能源市场中的可用能源资源。本文的主要目标是解决考虑需求侧、系统以及污染和可靠性约束的运行问题。与其他方法相比，结果表明，客户 DR 的显式建模将为 ISO 提供更灵活的选项来安排日前能源市场中的可用能源资源。本文的主要目标是解决考虑需求侧、系统以及污染和可靠性约束的运行问题。与其他方法相比，结果表明，客户 DR 的显式建模将为 ISO 提供更灵活的选项来安排日前能源市场中的可用能源资源。