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The Role of Diversity in Improving Environmental Indicators: A Case Study in Mahidasht Plain, Iran
International Journal of Environmental Research ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s41742-020-00288-9
Farshad Mohammadian , Saeed Yazdani , Masoud Fehresti-Sani

Given the importance of diversity in the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, the present study empirically investigates the economic and environmental effects of crop diversification and integration of crops and livestock on the farm in Mahidasht plain of Kermanshah province. Required data have been collected with completing 210 questionnaires in 2017–2018. Results showed that increasing the level of crop diversification led to a decline in the partial and multiple sustainability indices of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and water resources consumption. Furthermore, our findings indicated that higher crop diversification can improve the partial and multiple productivity of mentioned inputs use as well as total factor productivity (TFP) in crop sector and whole farm. The results of econometric approach indicated a positive and significant relationship between crop diversification and livestock ownership along with crops activities and TFP of crop sector. Therefore, diversified farming systems, by increasing in sustainability indicators and crop productivity, greatly contribute to improvement of the welfare of rural households and environmental quality. The results of regression model clearly showed that farming experience, education, credits access and family members have a positive influence, while production scale and off-farm income have a negative influence on crop productivity. Accordingly, design policies to promote crop diversification, especially for small farms, must be prioritized and as far as possible, push regional, provincial and national policies toward greater diversity of farm products. Along with diversity, formal and informal education, farmer-centered training workshops as well as easy and low-cost access to credit are strategies that can improve productivity. Crop diversification led to a decline in the partial sustainability index of chemical fertilizers consumption. Crop diversification reduces the multiple sustainability indices of fertilizers and water resources as well as fertilizers, pesticides and water resources consumption. Crop diversification positively related to partial and multiple productivity of fertilizers, chemical pesticides and water resources consumption. Positive and significant relationship between crop diversification and livestock ownership along with crops activities and total factor productivity were observed. Crop diversification led to a decline in the partial sustainability index of chemical fertilizers consumption. Crop diversification reduces the multiple sustainability indices of fertilizers and water resources as well as fertilizers, pesticides and water resources consumption. Crop diversification positively related to partial and multiple productivity of fertilizers, chemical pesticides and water resources consumption. Positive and significant relationship between crop diversification and livestock ownership along with crops activities and total factor productivity were observed.

中文翻译:

多样性在改善环境指标中的作用:伊朗马希达什特平原的案例研究

鉴于多样性对农业生态系统可持续性的重要性,本研究实证调查了克尔曼沙赫省马希达什特平原农场作物多样化和作物与牲畜整合的经济和环境影响。在 2017-2018 年完成了 210 份问卷,收集了所需数据。结果表明,作物多样化水平的提高导致化肥、农药和水资源消耗的部分和多重可持续性指数下降。此外,我们的研究结果表明,更高的作物多样化可以提高上述投入使用的部分和多重生产力,以及作物部门和整个农场的全要素生产率 (TFP)。计量经济学方法的结果表明,作物多样化和牲畜所有权以及作物活动和作物部门的全要素生产率之间存在积极而显着的关系。因此,多样化的农业系统通过提高可持续性指标和作物生产力,极大地有助于改善农村家庭的福利和环境质量。回归模型的结果清楚地表明,耕作经验、教育程度、信贷获取和家庭成员对作物生产力具有正向影响,而生产规模和非农收入对作物生产力具有负向影响。因此,必须优先制定促进作物多样化的政策,特别是针对小农场的政策,并尽可能推动区域、省和国家政策朝着更加多样化的农产品方向发展。除了多元化之外,正规和非正规教育、以农民为中心的培训研讨会以及轻松低成本的信贷渠道都是可以提高生产力的策略。作物多样化导致化肥消费的部分可持续性指数下降。作物多样化降低了化肥和水资源以及化肥、农药和水资源消耗的多重可持续性指标。作物多样化与化肥、化学农药和水资源消耗的部分和多重生产力正相关。观察到作物多样化和牲畜所有权以及作物活动和全要素生产率之间存在显着的正相关关系。作物多样化导致化肥消费的部分可持续性指数下降。作物多样化降低了化肥和水资源以及化肥、农药和水资源消耗的多重可持续性指标。作物多样化与化肥、化学农药和水资源消耗的部分和多重生产力正相关。观察到作物多样化和牲畜所有权以及作物活动和全要素生产率之间存在显着的正相关关系。作物多样化与化肥、化学农药和水资源消耗的部分和多重生产力正相关。观察到作物多样化和牲畜所有权以及作物活动和全要素生产率之间存在显着的正相关关系。作物多样化与化肥、化学农药和水资源消耗的部分和多重生产力正相关。观察到作物多样化和牲畜所有权以及作物活动和全要素生产率之间存在显着的正相关关系。
更新日期:2020-10-17
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