In this study, a facile spray pyrolysed hydrophobic robust tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) films were deposited at an annealing temperature of 400°C on inexpensive glass substrates, using clear and homogeneous precursor solution containing tungsten hexachloride and 2-methoxyethanol. The 10 and 15 times sprayed films were polycrystalline with the monoclinic crystal structure, uniform with the submicron-sized grain morphology (size ~320–420 nm), with an average surface roughness ranging from 12 to 17 nm and transparent above 60% in the visible region with a thickness of 380 and 550 nm, respectively. Elemental existence of tungsten and oxygen was recognized on the surface of the films possessing the highest lattice oxygen percentage of 91.1. Increment in the scratch hardness of the films with the number of sprays compared to uncoated glass was identified. The films were hydrophilic in nature (water contact angle <8°), converted to hydrophobic (>120°) by treating chemically with octadecyltrichlorosilane to form a self-assembled monolayer on the top and the hydrophobicity remained same (~120°) even after a year. These films with unique and combined properties of scratch hardness and hydrophobicity can serve in the potential application as antifouling coatings.

中文翻译：

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一种简便的低温喷涂热解氧化钨 (WO3)：一种通过结合抗划伤和防水性能来制备防污涂层的方法

在这项研究中，使用含有六氯化钨和 2-甲氧基乙醇的透明均匀前体溶液，在 400°C 的退火温度下，在廉价的玻璃基板上沉积了一种简单的喷雾热解疏水性坚固氧化钨 (WO 3 ) 薄膜。10 次和 15 次喷涂的薄膜为多晶，具有单斜晶结构，均匀的亚微米级晶粒形态（尺寸~320-420 nm），平均表面粗糙度为 12-17 nm，透明率在 60% 以上。可见光区的厚度分别为 380 和 550 nm。在具有最高晶格氧百分比为 91.1 的薄膜表面上发现了钨和氧元素的存在。与未镀膜的玻璃相比，随着喷涂次数的增加，膜的划痕硬度增加。这些薄膜本质上是亲水性的（水接触角 <8°），通过用十八烷基三氯硅烷化学处理在顶部形成自组装单层而转化为疏水性（>120°），并且疏水性保持不变（~120°）即使在一年。这些具有划痕硬度和疏水性的独特综合性能的薄膜可用作防污涂料的潜在应用。