Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a branch of photobiomodulation that offers direct or indirect control of cellular activity through elevation of temperature in a spatially confined region of the target tissue. Research on INM started about 15 ago and is gradually attracting the attention of the neuroscience community, as numerous experimental studies have provided firm evidence on the safe and reproducible excitation and inhibition of neuronal firing in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, its biophysical mechanism is not fully understood and several engineered interfaces have been created to investigate infrared stimulation in both the peripheral and central nervous system. In this review, recent applications and present knowledge on the effects of INM on cellular activity are summarized, and an overview of the technical approaches to deliver infrared light to cells and to interrogate the optically evoked response is provided. The micro- and nanoenginee...

中文翻译：

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红外神经调节：神经工程的观点

红外神经调节 (INM) 是光生物调节的一个分支，它通过在目标组织的空间受限区域中升高温度来直接或间接控制细胞活动。INM 的研究始于大约 15 年前，并逐渐引起了神经科学界的关注，因为大量的实验研究为在体外和体内条件下安全且可重复地激发和抑制神经元放电提供了确凿的证据。然而，它的生物物理机制尚不完全清楚，并且已经创建了几个工程接口来研究外周和中枢神经系统中的红外刺激。在这篇综述中，总结了 INM 对细胞活性影响的最新应用和现有知识，并概述了向细胞传递红外光和询问光诱发反应的技术方法。微纳米工程...