Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. Conventional treatments fail either because of poor patient compliance with the drug regimen or due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Thus, not only has the discovery of new compounds and new therapeutic strategies been the focus of many types of research but also new routes of administration. Pulmonary drug delivery possesses many advantages, including the noninvasive route of administration, low metabolic activity, and control environment for systemic absorption, and avoids first-pass metabolism. The use of lipid nanocarriers provides several advantages such as protection of the compound's degradation, increased bioavailability, and controlled drug release. In this study, we review some points related to how the use of lipid nanocarriers can improve TB treatment with inhaled nanomedicines. This review also discusses the current approaches and formulations developed to achieve optimal pulmonary drug delivery systems with nanocarriers targeting alveolar macrophages.

中文翻译：

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脂质纳米载体促进结核病治疗：吸入能改善治疗方案吗？

结核病 (TB) 仍然是一个主要的全球健康问题。由于患者对药物方案的依从性差或由于耐多药结核病的出现，常规治疗失败。因此，新化合物的发现和新的治疗策略不仅是许多类型研究的焦点，也是新的给药途径。肺部给药具有无创给药途径、低代谢活性、全身吸收控制环境、避免首过代谢等诸多优点。脂质纳米载体的使用提供了几个优点，例如保护化合物的降解、增加生物利用度和控制药物释放。在这项研究中，我们回顾了有关使用脂质纳米载体如何改善吸入纳米药物治疗结核病的一些要点。本综述还讨论了目前为实现最佳肺部药物输送系统而开发的方法和配方，纳米载体靶向肺泡巨噬细胞。