Aromatic rice of Manipur popularly known as Chakhao is a speciality glutinous rice, for which protection under geographical indication in India has been granted recently. The agronomic and nutraceutical variability of the Chakhao rice germplasm is yet to be genetically characterized. To address this gap, characterization of ninety-three landraces for agro-morphological traits, grain pigmentation, antioxidant properties, and molecular genetic variation was carried out to unravel their population genetic structure. Two major groups were identified based on pericarp color, namely, purple and non-purple, which showed a significant variation for plant height, panicle length, and grain yield. Molecular marker analysis revealed three subpopulations that could be associated with pericarp pigmentation. Deep purple genotypes formed POP3, japonica genotypes adapted to hill environment formed POP1, while POP2 comprised of both indica and aus types. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed two major anthocyanin compounds in pigmented rices, namely, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G). The total anthocyanin content among pigmented genotypes ranged from 29.8 to 275.8 mg.100g^–1 DW. Total phenolics ranged from 66.5 to 700.3 mg GAE.100g^–1 DW with radical scavenging activity (RSA) varying between 17.7 and 65.7%. Anthocyanins and phenolics showed a direct relationship with RSA implying the nutraceutical benefits of deep pigmented rice such as Manipur black rice. Aromatic rices from Manipur were found to be genetically diverse. Therefore, efforts need to be made for maintaining the geographic identity of these rice and utilization in breeding for region-specific cultivar improvement.

曼尼普尔邦的香米俗称 查考是一种特产糯米，最近已在印度获得了地理标志的保护。番茄的农艺和营养变异。查考水稻种质尚待遗传鉴定。为了解决这一差距，对93个地方品种的农业形态特征，谷物色素沉着，抗氧化特性和分子遗传变异进行了表征，以阐明其种群遗传结构。根据果皮颜色确定了两个主要类别，即紫色和非紫色，这两个类别在植物高度，穗长和籽粒产量上表现出显着差异。分子标记分析显示可能与果皮色素沉着有关的三个亚群。深紫色基因型形成了POP3，粳稻 适应丘陵环境的基因型形成了POP1，而POP2则由两者组成 印度 和 澳类型。液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析显示，有色大米中有两种主要的花色苷化合物，分别是花青素3-O-葡萄糖苷（C3G）和peonidin-3-O-葡萄糖苷（P3G）。有色基因型中总花色苷含量在29.8至275.8 mg.100g ^–1 DW之间。总酚含量范围为66.5至700.3 mg GAE.100g ^–1具有自由基清除活性（RSA）的DW在17.7至65.7％之间变化。花色苷和酚类化合物与RSA有直接关系，这暗示着深色颜料大米（如Manipur黑米）的营养价值。发现曼尼普尔邦的香米具有遗传多样性。因此，需要努力维持这些水稻的地理特征，并在育种中利用该水稻来改良特定地区的品种。