Domestication to captive rearing conditions, along with targeted selective breeding have genetic consequences that vary from those in wild environments. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most translocated and farmed aquaculture species globally, farmed throughout Asia, North and South America, and its African native range. In Egypt, a breeding program established the Abbassa Strain of Nile tilapia (AS) in 2002 based on local broodstock sourced from the Nile River. The AS has been intensively selected for growth and has gone through genetic bottlenecks which have likely shifted levels and composition of genetic diversity within the strain. Consequently, there are questions on the possible genetic impact AS escapees may have on endemic populations of Nile tilapia. However, to date there have been no genetic studies comparing genetic changes in the domesticated AS to local wild populations. This study used 9,827 genome-wide SNPs to investigate population genetic structure and signatures of selection in the AS (generations 9–11) and eight wild Nile tilapia populations from Egypt. SNP analyses identified two major genetic clusters (captive and wild populations), with wild populations showing evidence of isolation-by-distance among the Nile Delta and upstream riverine populations. Between genetic clusters, approximately 6.9% of SNPs were identified as outliers with outliers identified on all 22 O. niloticus chromosomes. A lack of localized outlier clustering on the genome suggests that no genes of major effect were presently detected. The AS has retained high levels of genetic diversity (H_{o_All} = 0.21 ± 0.01; H_{e_All} = 0.23 ± 0.01) when compared to wild populations (H_{o_All} = 0.18 ± 0.01; H_{e_All} = 0.17 ± 0.01) after 11 years of domestication and selective breeding. Additionally, 565 SNPs were unique within the AS line. While these private SNPs may be due to domestication signals or founder effects, it is suspected that introgression with blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) has occurred. This study highlights the importance of understanding the effects of domestication in addition to wild population structure to inform future management and dissemination decisions. Furthermore, by conducting a baseline genetic study of wild populations prior to the dissemination of a domestic line, the effects of aquaculture on these populations can be monitored over time.

驯化到圈养条件下，以及针对性的选择性育种，其遗传后果与野生环境不同。尼罗罗非鱼（尼罗罗非鱼）是全球最易变迁和养殖的水产养殖物种之一，遍及亚洲，北美和南美及其非洲本土范围。在埃及，一项繁殖计划于2002年根据源自尼罗河的当地亲鱼建立了尼罗罗非鱼Abbassa株。AS已被广泛选择用于生长，并已经历了遗传瓶颈，这可能改变了菌株中遗传多样性的水平和组成。因此，对于逃生者可能对尼罗罗非鱼的特有种群可能产生的遗传影响存在疑问。但是，迄今为止，还没有遗传学研究将驯化的AS的遗传变化与当地野生种群进行比较。这项研究使用了9，827个全基因组SNP，用于调查埃及自治区（第9-11代）和八个野生尼罗罗非鱼种群的种群遗传结构和选择标记。SNP分析确定了两个主要的遗传簇（圈养种群和野生种群），其中野生种群显示出尼罗河三角洲和上游河流种群之间按距离隔离的证据。在遗传簇之间，大约6.9％的SNP被识别为异常值，在所有22个异常值中都识别出异常值尼罗罗非鱼染色体。基因组上缺乏局域性离群聚簇提示目前没有检测到具有主要作用的基因。与野生种群相比，AS保留了11年的驯化和_繁殖后保留了高水平的遗传多样性（H _{o_All} = 0.21±0.01; H _{e_All} = 0.23±0.01）（野生种群）（H _{o_All} = 0.18±0.01; H _{e_All} = 0.17±0.01）。选择性育种。此外，在AS系列中，有565个SNP是唯一的。尽管这些私人SNP可能是由于驯化信号或创始人的影响，但怀疑蓝罗非鱼的渗入（金黄色藻） 已经发生了。这项研究凸显了除了了解野生种群结构外，还应了解驯化的影响，以为将来的管理和传播决策提供依据。此外，通过在散布家系之前对野生种群进行基线遗传研究，可以随时监测水产养殖对这些种群的影响。