Zinc is among the most in-demand metals in the world which also means that a considerable amount of this element is released to the environment each year as a result of human activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the impact of low- and high-dose zinc amendments on plant growth and biomass yield, with Calcic Chernozem as a growing medium and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a model plant. The distribution of zinc in various plant parts was also investigated. Zn (II) was added in powder as bulk ZnO and in solution as ZnO nanoparticles and ZnSO₄ in two dosages (3 and 30 mmol kg⁻¹ soil) prior to planting. The plants were harvested after 10 days of growth. The three sets of data were taken under identical experimental conditions. The application of zinc in aqueous solution and in particulate form (having particle sizes in the range of <100 nm to >500 nm) at concentration of 3 and 30 mmol Zn kg⁻¹ to the soil resulted in decreased growth (root length, shoot length) and biomass yield; the only exception was the addition of 30 mmol Zn kg⁻¹ in the form of bulk ZnO, which had a positive effect on the root growth. The dry weight reduction (sprout biomass) was lowest in plants grown in soil treated with dissolved zinc. There were no statistically significant changes in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, although flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) analysis indicated that plants bioaccumulated the zinc applied. This implies that the transport of zinc into the above-ground plant parts is controlled by the presence of effective mechanical and physiological barriers in roots. Crop performance under zinc stress in relation to biomass production and the growth of roots and shoots is also partly a reflection of the effects of soil properties. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering plant-soil interactions in research of potential toxicity and bioavailability of zinc in the environment.

中文翻译：

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ZnO，ZnO纳米颗粒和溶解的Zn对大麦早期生长阶段的影响-盆栽试验

锌是世界上最需要的金属之一，这也意味着每年由于人类活动而将大量这种元素释放到环境中。进行了盆栽试验，以钙和黑麦草为生长介质，以大麦（大麦）为模型植物，研究了低剂量和高剂量锌改良剂对植物生长和生物量产量的影响。还研究了锌在植物各个部位的分布。Zn（II）以粉末形式添加为块状ZnO，并以溶液形式添加为ZnO纳米颗粒和ZnSO ₄，两种剂量（3和30 mmol kg ^-1种植前）。生长10天后收获植物。这三组数据是在相同的实验条件下获得的。锌以3和30 mmol Zn kg ^-1的浓度以水溶液形式和颗粒形式（粒径在<100 nm至> 500 nm范围内）施用到土壤中，导致生长减少（根长，枝条）长度）和生物量产量; 唯一的例外是添加了以块状ZnO形式存在的30 mmol Zn kg ^-1，这对根的生长具有积极作用。在用溶解锌处理过的土壤中生长的植物中，干重减少量（新芽生物量）最低。叶绿素a，叶绿素b的含量没有统计学上的显着变化，和总叶绿素，尽管火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）分析表明植物会生物吸收所施用的锌。这意味着锌向地上植物部分的运输受根部有效机械和生理屏障的存在控制。锌胁迫下与生物量生产以及根和芽生长相关的作物生长性能也部分反映了土壤特性的影响。我们的发现强调了在环境中锌的潜在毒性和生物利用度研究中考虑植物与土壤相互作用的重要性。