Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant productivity in cultivated and natural agricultural fields. The rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) causes tremendous damage to rice production in Asian countries. However, little information is available about how rice plants defend themselves against this destructive pest at molecular and biochemical levels. Here, we observed the transcriptomic and metabolomic differences in rice leaves after 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h of being fed by C. medinalis using RNA sequencing and metabolome profiling. Transcriptional analyses showed that gene expression responds rapidly to leaf folder infestation, with the most significant transcriptional changes occurring within 6 h after the initiation of feeding. Metabolite abundance changed more slowly than gene expression. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that the rice transcriptional response to infestation involved genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling. Moreover, the jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway triggered by leaf folder herbivory played a vital role in rice defense against this pest. Taken together, our results provide comprehensive insights into the defense system of rice to this species and may inform the development of insect-resistant rice varieties.

中文翻译：

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水稻对稻纵卷叶蛾毛虫侵染的转录和代谢组学响应

植物与昆虫食草动物之间的相互作用是耕作和天然农业领域植物生产力的重要决定因素。稻纵卷叶（（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）对亚洲国家的稻米生产造成了巨大破坏。但是，关于水稻植物如何在分子和生化水平上抵御这种破坏性害虫的信息很少。在这里，我们观察了稻纵卷叶0饲喂0、1、6、12和24小时后水稻叶片的转录组和代谢组学差异使用RNA测序和代谢组分析。转录分析表明，基因表达对叶片折叠的侵袭反应迅速，最显着的转录变化发生在进食开始后6小时内。代谢物的丰度变化比基因表达慢。基因本体论和《京都议定书》的基因和基因组富集分析表明，水稻对侵染的转录反应涉及编码蛋白激酶，转录因子，次生代谢产物的生物合成，光合作用和植物激素信号转导的基因。此外，由叶夹食草动物触发的茉莉酸依赖性信号传导途径在水稻防御该害虫中起着至关重要的作用。在一起