The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), including colistin resistance, among Enterobacteriaceae recovered from food animals poses a serious public health threat because of the potential transmission of these resistant variants to humans along the food chain. Village chickens or Ayam Kampung are free-range birds and are preferred by a growing number of consumers who consider these chickens to be organic and more wholesome. The current study investigates the antibiogram profiles of Salmonella isolates recovered from village chicken flocks in South-central Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 34 isolates belonging to eight serotypes isolated from village chickens were screened for resistance towards antimicrobials including colistin according to the WHO and OIE recommendations of critical antibiotics. S. Weltevreden accounted for 20.6% of total isolates, followed by serovars Typhimurium and Agona (17.6%). The majority of isolates (73.5%) demonstrated resistance to one or more antimicrobials. Eight isolates (23.5%) were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. Colistin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations: 4–16 mg/L) was detected among five isolates (14.7%), including S. Weltevreden, S. Albany, S. Typhimurium, and Salmonella spp. Univariable analysis of risk factors likely to influence the occurrence of MDR Salmonella revealed that the flock size, poultry production system, and use of antibiotics in the farm were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with MDR Salmonella. The current study highlights that MDR Salmonella occur at a lower level in village chickens compared to that found in live commercial chickens. However, MDR remains a problem even among free-range chickens with minimal exposure to antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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从马来西亚中部和南部半岛的乡村鸡（家鸡）和其他环境源中回收的沙门氏菌多药耐药性的抗菌素谱和危险因素

从食用动物中回收的肠杆菌科细菌中，包括大肠菌素抗性在内的多药抗性（MDR）的出现构成了严重的公共卫生威胁，因为这些抗性变体可能会沿食物链传播给人类。乡村鸡或Ayam Kampung都是自由放养的禽类，并且受到越来越多的消费者的青睐，他们认为这些鸡是有机的，更有益健康。目前的研究调查了从马来西亚中南部半岛的乡村鸡群中回收的沙门氏菌的抗菌谱。根据世界卫生组织和世界动物卫生组织对关键抗生素的建议，从乡村鸡中分离出总共34种分离物，这些分离物属于8种血清型，对包括粘菌素在内的抗菌药物具有抗性。S. Weltevreden占总分离株的20.6％，其次是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和Agona（17.6％）。大多数分离株（73.5％）表现出对一种或多种抗菌药的抗性。八个分离株（23.5％）对≥3种抗菌素类有抗药性。5株（14.7％），其中包括中均检测出：粘菌素抗性（4-16毫克/升最低抑菌浓度）S. Weltevreden，S.奥尔巴尼，S.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，和沙门氏菌属。对可能影响耐多药沙门氏菌发生的危险因素进行单因素分析，结果表明该农场的鸡群规模，家禽生产系统和抗生素使用情况均不显着（p> 0.05）与沙门氏菌MDR相关。当前的研究强调，与活生商业鸡相比，乡村鸡的沙门氏菌沙门氏菌含量较低。但是，即使在很少接触抗生素的散养鸡中，MDR仍然是一个问题。