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Copper Supplementation, A Challenge in Cattle
Animals ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.3390/ani10101890
Marta López-Alonso , Marta Miranda

Ensuring adequate copper supplementation in ruminants is a challenging task due to the complexity of copper metabolism in these animals. The three-way interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur (Cu-Mo-S) in the rumen makes ruminants, particularly cattle, very susceptible to suffering from secondary copper deficiency. Paradoxically, excessive copper storage in the liver to prevent deficiency becomes a hazard when ruminants are fed copper-supplemented diets even slightly above requirements. While cattle were traditionally thought to be relatively tolerant of copper accumulation, and reports of copper poisoning were until recently somewhat rare, in recent years an increased number of episodes/outbreaks of copper toxicity in cattle, particularly in dairy cattle, have been reported worldwide. The growing number of lethal cases reported seems to indicate that copper intoxication is spreading silently in dairy herds, urging the development of strategies to monitor herd copper status and improve farmers’ awareness of copper toxicity. In fact, monitoring studies carried out on numerous samples collected from culled animals in slaughterhouses and/or diagnostic laboratories have demonstrated that large numbers of animals have hepatic copper concentrations well above adequate levels in many different countries. These trends are undoubtedly due to copper supplementation aimed at preventing copper deficiency, as dietary copper intake from pasture alone is unlikely to cause such high levels of accumulation in liver tissue. The reasons behind the copper overfeeding in cattle are related both to a poor understanding of copper metabolism and the theory of “if adding a little produces a response, then adding a lot will produce a better response”. Contrary to most trace elements, copper in ruminants has narrow margins of safety, which must also be formulated considering the concentrations of copper antagonists in the diet. This review paper aims to provide nutritionists/veterinary practitioners with the key points about copper metabolism in cattle to guarantee an adequate copper supply while preventing excessive hepatic copper loading, which requires à la carte copper supplementation for each herd.

中文翻译:

补充铜,牛的挑战

由于反刍动物体内铜代谢的复杂性,确保反刍动物中足够的铜补充是一项艰巨的任务。反刍动物中铜,钼和硫(Cu-Mo-S)之间的三向相互作用使反刍动物,特别是牛,很容易遭受继发性铜缺乏症的困扰。矛盾的是,当反刍动物饲喂补充了铜的饲料甚至略高于需求量时,肝脏中过多的铜储存会阻止危害。传统上人们认为牛对铜的积累具有相对的耐受性,并且铜中毒的报道直到最近还很少见,但是近年来,全世界,尤其是奶牛中,铜中毒的发作/暴发数量有所增加。越来越多的致死病例报道似乎表明,奶牛群中的铜中毒正在悄无声息地蔓延,这促使人们制定战略来监测牛群中的铜状况并提高农民对铜毒性的认识。实际上,对从屠宰场和/或诊断实验室中的被淘汰的动物收集的大量样本进行的监测研究表明,在许多国家,大量动物的肝铜浓度远高于适当水平。这些趋势无疑是由于旨在防止铜缺乏的补充铜引起的,因为仅从牧场中摄取膳食铜就不可能在肝脏组织中引起如此高的积累水平。牛饲喂铜过量的原因既与对铜代谢的了解不足有关,也与“如果多添加会产生反应,然后多添加会产生更好的反应”的理论有关。与大多数微量元素相反,反刍动物中的铜的安全系数较窄,还必须考虑饮食中铜拮抗剂的浓度来制定。这篇综述文章旨在为营养学家/兽医提供有关牛体内铜代谢的关键点,以确保充足的铜供应,同时防止肝铜负荷过多,这需要为每群牛单点补充铜。反刍动物中的铜的安全系数很窄,还必须考虑饮食中铜拮抗剂的浓度来制定。这篇综述文章旨在为营养学家/兽医提供有关牛体内铜代谢的关键点,以确保充足的铜供应,同时防止肝铜负荷过多,这需要为每群牛单点补充铜。反刍动物中的铜的安全系数很窄,还必须考虑饮食中铜拮抗剂的浓度来制定。这篇综述文章旨在为营养学家/兽医提供有关牛体内铜代谢的关键点,以确保充足的铜供应,同时防止肝铜负荷过多,这需要为每群牛单点补充铜。
更新日期:2020-10-15
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