Software smells indicate design or code issues that might degrade the evolution and maintenance of software systems. Detecting and identifying these issues are challenging tasks. This paper explores, identifies, and analyzes the existing software smell detection techniques at design and code levels. We carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify and collect 145 primary studies related to smell detection in software design and code. Based on these studies, we address several questions related to the analysis of the existing smell detection techniques in terms of abstraction level (design or code), targeted smells, used metrics, implementation, and validation. Our analysis identified several detection techniques categories. We observed that 57% of the studies did not use any performance measures, 41% of them omitted details on the targeted programing language, and the detection techniques were not validated in 14% of these studies. With respect to the abstraction level, only 18% of the studies addressed bad smell detection at the design level. This low coverage urges for more focus on bad smell detection at the design level to handle them at early stages. Finally, our SLR brings to the attention of the research community several opportunities for future research.

中文翻译：

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软件气味检测技术：系统文献综述

软件的气味表明可能会降低软件系统的演化和维护能力的设计或代码问题。检测和识别这些问题是具有挑战性的任务。本文在设计和代码级别上探索，识别和分析现有的软件气味检测技术。我们进行了系统的文献综述（SLR），以识别和收集与软件设计和代码中的气味检测相关的145项主要研究。基于这些研究，我们从抽象级别（设计或代码），目标气味，使用的度量标准，实现和验证方面，解决了与现有气味检测技术分析有关的几个问题。我们的分析确定了几种检测技术类别。我们观察到57％的研究没有使用任何绩效指标，其中41％的人省略了有关目标编程语言的详细信息，而14％的研究中未验证检测技术。关于抽象级别，只有18％的研究在设计级别解决了臭味检测问题。这种低覆盖率要求在设计级别上更多地关注臭味检测，以便在早期阶段进行处理。最后，我们的SLR引起了研究界的关注，为以后的研究提供了许多机会。