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The genome of Draba nivalis shows signatures of adaptation to the extreme environmental stresses of the Arctic
Molecular Ecology Resources ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13280
Michael D Nowak 1 , Siri Birkeland 1 , Terezie Mandáková 2 , Rimjhim Roy Choudhury 3 , Xinyi Guo 2 , Anna Lovisa S Gustafsson 1 , Abel Gizaw 1 , Audun Schrøder-Nielsen 1 , Marco Fracassetti 4 , Anne K Brysting 5 , Loren Rieseberg 6 , Tanja Slotte 4 , Christian Parisod 3 , Martin A Lysak 2 , Christian Brochmann 1
Affiliation  

The Arctic is one of the most extreme terrestrial environments on the planet. Here, we present the first chromosome‐scale genome assembly of a plant adapted to the high Arctic, Draba nivalis (Brassicaceae), an attractive model species for studying plant adaptation to the stresses imposed by this harsh environment. We used an iterative scaffolding strategy with data from short‐reads, single‐molecule long reads, proximity ligation data, and a genetic map to produce a 302 Mb assembly that is highly contiguous with 91.6% assembled into eight chromosomes (the base chromosome number). To identify candidate genes and gene families that may have facilitated adaptation to Arctic environmental stresses, we performed comparative genomic analyses with nine non‐Arctic Brassicaceae species. We show that the D. nivalis genome contains expanded suites of genes associated with drought and cold stress (e.g., related to the maintenance of oxidation‐reduction homeostasis, meiosis, and signaling pathways). The expansions of gene families associated with these functions appear to be driven in part by the activity of transposable elements. Tests of positive selection identify suites of candidate genes associated with meiosis and photoperiodism, as well as cold, drought, and oxidative stress responses. Our results reveal a multifaceted landscape of stress adaptation in the D. nivalis genome, offering avenues for the continued development of this species as an Arctic model plant.

中文翻译:

雪葶草的基因组显示出适应北极极端环境压力的特征

北极是地球上最极端的陆地环境之一。在这里,我们展示了适应北极高纬度的植物——雪葶草(十字花科)的第一个染色体规模基因组组装,这是一种有吸引力的模型物种,用于研究植物对这种恶劣环境所施加压力的适应。我们使用迭代支架策略,利用短读长、单分子长读长、邻近连接数据和遗传图谱的数据,生成高度连续的 302 Mb 组装体,其中 91.6% 组装成 8 条染色体(基本染色体数) 。为了确定可能有助于适应北极环境压力的候选基因和基因家族,我们对九种非北极十字花科物种进行了比较基因组分析。我们发现D. nivalis基因组包含大量与干旱和冷应激相关的基因(例如,与氧化还原稳态的维持、减数分裂和信号通路相关)。与这些功能相关的基因家族的扩展似乎部分是由转座元件的活性驱动的。正选择测试确定了与减数分裂和光周期现象以及寒冷、干旱和氧化应激反应相关的候选基因组。我们的结果揭示了D. nivalis基因组中胁迫适应的多方面景观,为该物种作为北极模式植物的持续发展提供了途径。
更新日期:2020-10-15
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