Abstract Failure of rock mass in deep underground excavations could be attributed to a broad range of performance malfunction, from plastic yielding of rock, generation of macro cracks on the boundary of the excavation, gravity driven rockfalls or even complete stress-induced collapse. The failure criteria determine the stress level (or strain level) at which the rock mass loses its load-carrying (or strain-carrying) capacity. Determination of the state of underground stability can be successfully achieved through implementation of appropriate failure criteria within the numerical analyses’ tools. The choice of failure criteria in numerical stability analysis plays a key role in defining the behaviour of an underground excavation. A failure criterion will be useful only if selected based on the correct mechanism of failure. Plus, a right choice of failure criterion, significantly reduces the errors of quantifying an excavations behaviour. Therefore, this paper offers a critical review of the most common stress-based and strain-based failure criteria used in numerical stability analysis of underground excavations. Particular attention is paid to characterize different mechanisms of underground failure and recommendations are formulated for each failure mode. In addition, this paper addresses the theoretical considerations for the applicability of different failure criteria and highlights the practical limitations for their numerical implementation.

中文翻译：

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地下基坑数值稳定性分析的破坏破坏准则：综述

摘要 深部地下开挖中岩体的破坏可归因于范围广泛的性能故障，从岩石的塑性屈服、开挖边界上宏观裂缝的产生、重力驱动的落石甚至完全应力引起的坍塌。破坏准则确定岩体失去承载（或应变）能力时的应力水平（或应变水平）。通过在数值分析工具内实施适当的失效准则，可以成功确定地下稳定性状态。数值稳定性分析中失效准则的选择在定义地下开挖行为方面起着关键作用。只有根据正确的失效机制选择失效准则才有用。加，正确选择失效准则，可显着减少量化挖掘行为的错误。因此，本文对地下开挖数值稳定性分析中最常见的基于应力和基于应变的失效准则进行了批判性回顾。特别注意表征地下故障的不同机制，并为每种故障模式制定建议。此外，本文阐述了不同失效准则适用性的理论考虑，并强调了其数值实现的实际局限性。本文对地下开挖数值稳定性分析中最常见的基于应力和基于应变的失效准则进行了批判性回顾。特别注意表征地下故障的不同机制，并为每种故障模式制定建议。此外，本文阐述了不同失效准则适用性的理论考虑，并强调了其数值实现的实际局限性。本文对地下开挖数值稳定性分析中最常见的基于应力和基于应变的失效准则进行了批判性回顾。特别注意表征地下故障的不同机制，并为每种故障模式制定建议。此外，本文阐述了不同失效准则适用性的理论考虑，并强调了其数值实现的实际局限性。