Abstract Seismic differential settlement of shallow foundations on an island slope with a liquefiable sand stratum can significantly reduce the foundation's bearing capacity. Now, most studies focused on the settlement of foundation, while few efforts have provided a description of the differential settlement of foundation. In this study, we therefore adopted an approach using three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) simulation. A special case that the water table located at the interface between the liquefiable sand layer and the clay layer was employed in this model. A series of parametric studies involving soil properties, surcharge load, foundation location, and the typical shaking characteristics of earthquake events were conducted to identify their impact on liquefaction-induced differential settlement. Generally, a more permeable sand stratum and a larger cohesion of the upper clay stratum were found effective at decreasing differential settlement. A foundation's length/width ratio also played an important role in reducing differential settlement and, when the distance of the foundation from the crest of an island slope reached a critical value, the differential settlement tends towards a steady value. Heavily-loaded shallow foundations resulted in more differential settlement, leading to a reduction in their seismic bearing capacity. The peak ground acceleration and Arias intensity of an earthquake had a significant effect as well. In addition, some preliminary design considerations for shallow foundation under the earthquakes were proposed. Overall, the numerical results offer some valuable references to improve the design and construction of foundations on an island slope under the seismic loadings.

中文翻译：

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岛坡浅地基液化引起的差异沉降数值分析

摘要 可液化砂地层岛坡浅地基地震差异沉降会显着降低地基承载力。现在，大多数研究都集中在地基沉降方面，而很少有人对地基不均匀沉降进行描述。因此，在本研究中，我们采用了一种使用三维 (3D) 非线性有限元 (FE) 模拟的方法。该模型采用了位于可液化砂层和粘土层界面处的地下水位的特殊情况。进行了一系列涉及土壤特性、超载荷载、地基位置和地震事件典型振动特征的参数研究，以确定它们对液化引起的差异沉降的影响。一般来说，发现更具渗透性的砂层和上部粘土层的更大内聚力可有效减少差异沉降。地基长宽比对降低不均匀沉降也有重要作用，当地基距岛坡顶部的距离达到临界值时，不均匀沉降趋于稳定值。重载浅地基导致更多的不均匀沉降，导致其抗震能力降低。地震的峰值地面加速度和阿里亚斯强度也有显着影响。此外，还提出了地震作用下浅基础的一些初步设计考虑。全面的，