Abstract The efficient use of natural resources and energy become a critical issue due to the increasing population and environmental pollution worldwide. Recently, industrial symbiosis as a way of better utilization of natural resources has gained popularity. The forest industry is one of the most critical sectors since wood is a valuable natural resource. In this study, we propose a theoretical industrial symbiosis network located in an eco-industrial park, which is hosting companies focused on forest industry such as pulp & paper producers, pellet plants, sawmill, fiberboard, and particleboard producers. The designed network also includes an organic fertilizer plant and a water treatment facility. To establish the network, life cycle assessment (LCA) method is utilized. Data obtained from LCA enables us to determine the amount and type of possible by-products, waste and energy that can be exchanged in this network. Next, the location of the plants in the park is determined using the Automated Layout DEsign Program (ALDEP) by considering the flows of by-products and waste between facilities. Finally, the economic and environmental benefits of stakeholders in the network are analyzed using the developed multi-objective multi-period mathematical model. The objectives of this model are to minimize the total production cost of the companies in the network and to minimize their CO2 emissions, simultaneously. Results reveal that in such an industrial symbiosis network in which the ultimate goal is cleaner production, the use of virgin resources will decrease while the economic benefits of companies in the network increase.

中文翻译：

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基于林产品产业的产业共生网络多目标多周期数学模型

摘要 由于全球人口和环境污染的增加，自然资源和能源的有效利用成为一个关键问题。最近，工业共生作为一种更好地利用自然资源的方式越来越受欢迎。林业是最关键的部门之一，因为木材是一种宝贵的自然资源。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个位于生态工业园区的理论工业共生网络，该园区托管着专注于森林工业的公司，如纸浆和造纸生产商、颗粒厂、锯木厂、纤维板和刨花板生产商。设计的网络还包括一个有机肥厂和一个水处理设施。为了建立网络，使用了生命周期评估（LCA）方法。从 LCA 获得的数据使我们能够确定可以在该网络中交换的可能副产品、废物和能源的数量和类型。接下来，通过考虑设施之间的副产品和废物流，使用自动布局设计程序 (ALDEP) 确定园区内工厂的位置。最后，使用开发的多目标多周期数学模型分析网络中利益相关者的经济和环境效益。该模型的目标是最大限度地降低网络中公司的总生产成本，同时最大限度地减少其二氧化碳排放量。结果表明，在这样一个以清洁生产为最终目标的工业共生网络中，