Abstract The biodiversity in Amazon forest soils is continuously challenged by anthropogenic activities or disturbances, impacting the quantity and quality of its natural resources and a wide range of ecosystem services. Understanding microbial processes and response to various soil management practices provide valuable information to maintain sustainable ecological environments. We hypothesized that microbial assemblages (several not yet identified) and activities are continuously changing in forest ecosystems, mostly due to management selections. Therefore, our work's objective was to assess bacteria communities' changes via next-generation sequencing techniques and bridge knowledge gaps in our understanding of their responses to deforestations, intensive agriculture, and repeated forest burning activities in altered and native forest locations in the Northern Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. We evaluated soils during different climatic periods (dry and rainy) collected at selected sites for pasture, conventional agriculture, and forestry. Intensive conversion to pasture and conventional plantations seriously impacted the bacterial diversities and species richness. The forest area presented the greatest bacterial diversities and species richness, followed by the pasture areas, especially in the 0–5 cm soil layer. Conventional plantations showed the lowest diversities and species richness. There was no change in species richness between the dry and rainy periods; however, the wet period showed lesser species diversities. Based on the analyses, the bacterial communities comprised of the phyla: Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria. Bacteria trends identified are being considered in future management decisions to preserve biodiversities and the region's forest ecosystems' functioning.

中文翻译：

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巴西亚马逊北部的土壤细菌多样性和对森林砍伐、土地​​利用和燃烧的反应

摘要 亚马逊森林土壤中的生物多样性不断受到人为活动或干扰的挑战，影响其自然资源的数量和质量以及广泛的生态系统服务。了解微生物过程和对各种土壤管理实践的反应为维持可持续的生态环境提供了宝贵的信息。我们假设森林生态系统中的微生物组合（几个尚未确定）和活动不断变化，主要是由于管理选择。因此，我们的工作目标是通过下一代测序技术评估细菌群落的变化，并弥合我们对它们对森林砍伐、集约化农业、在巴西北部亚马逊雨林的改变和原生森林地区反复进行森林燃烧活动。我们评估了在牧场、传统农业和林业的选定地点收集的不同气候时期（干燥和多雨）的土壤。向牧场和常规种植园的集约化转变严重影响了细菌多样性和物种丰富度。森林区的细菌多样性和物种丰富度最大，其次是牧区，尤其是在 0-5 cm 土层。传统种植园的多样性和物种丰富度最低。旱季和雨季物种丰富度无变化；然而，湿润期显示出较少的物种多样性。根据分析，细菌群落由以下门组成：酸杆菌、厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、浮游菌门和蓝藻门。在未来的管理决策中正在考虑确定的细菌趋势，以保护生物多样性和该地区森林生态系统的功能。