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Exosomal Secretion of Adipose Tissue during Various Physiological States
Pharmaceutical Research ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02941-6
Menchus Quan 1 , Shihuan Kuang 2, 3
Affiliation  

Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles containing a wide array of biologically active components. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes serve as an important vehicle for extracellular communication and exert systemic effects on the physiology of organisms. Adipose tissues (ATs) play a key role in balancing systemic energy homeostasis as a central hub for fatty acid metabolism. At the same time, proper endocrine function of ATs has also been shown to be crucial for regulating physiological and metabolic health. The endocrine function of ATs is partially mediated by AT-derived exosomes that regulate metabolic homeostasis, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and inflammation. During the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, exosomes shed by the resident cells in ATs may also have a role in regulating the progression of these diseases along with associated pathologies. In this review, we summarize the contents of AT-derived exosomes and their effects on various cell populations along with possible underlying molecular mechanisms. We further discuss the potential applications of exosomes as a drug delivery tool and therapeutic target.



中文翻译:

各种生理状态下脂肪组织的外泌体分泌

外泌体是分泌的细胞外囊泡,含有多种生物活性成分。最近的研究表明,外泌体是细胞外通讯的重要载体,并对生物体的生理学产生系统性影响。脂肪组织(AT)作为脂肪酸代谢的中心枢纽,在平衡全身能量稳态方面发挥着关键作用。同时,ATs的适当内分泌功能也被证明对于调节生理和代谢健康至关重要。AT 的内分泌功能部分由 AT 衍生的外泌体介导,其调节代谢稳态,例如胰岛素信号传导、脂肪分解和炎症。在肥胖、代谢综合征和癌症的发病过程中,AT 中常驻细胞脱落的外泌体也可能在调节这些疾病及相关病理的进展中发挥作用。在这篇综述中,我们总结了 AT 衍生的外泌体的内容及其对各种细胞群的影响以及可能的潜在分子机制。我们进一步讨论了外泌体作为药物递送工具和治疗靶点的潜在应用。

更新日期:2020-10-16
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