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What about “Pharming”? Issues Regarding the Misuse of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs
Brain Sciences ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100736
Stefania Chiappini , Fabrizio Schifano

Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have emerged as being used recreationally, either on their own or in combination with other substances, both licit and illicit, including new psychoactive substances (NPS). Among them, the misuse of prescription drugs involves not only traditionally recorded substances, such as benzodiazepines and opioid pain relievers, but also gabapentinoids (e.g., pregabalin and gabapentin); some antidepressants, e.g., bupropion and venlafaxine; some second-generation antipsychotics, e.g., quetiapine and olanzapine. Moreover, the use of some OTC for recreational purposes appears on the increase, especially in vulnerable categories such as young people/youths, including the use of high dosages of the antidiarrheal loperamide; first-generation antihistamines, e.g., promethazine, cyclizine, and diphenhydramine; cough and cold preparations containing dextromethorphan and/or codeine. In this context, the role of the Internet has rapidly increased, playing a significant role both in the diffusion of emerging trends of drug misuse among users and experimenters, and the marketing, sale, and distribution of drugs through online pharmacies. This phenomenon within the context of a rapidly modifying drug scenario is a globally recognized health problem, determining severe adverse consequences, including fatalities, and represents a challenge for clinicians in general, psychiatrists, public health, and drug-control policies.

中文翻译:

那么“ Pharming”呢?有关滥用处方药和非处方药的问题

最近,出现了一系列处方和非处方(OTC)药物,它们可以单独使用,也可以与其他合法和非法物质(包括新的精神活性物质(NPS))组合娱乐性地使用。其中,滥用处方药不仅涉及传统上记录的物质,例如苯二氮卓类药物和阿片类镇痛药,还涉及加巴喷丁类化合物(例如普瑞巴林和加巴喷丁);一些抗抑郁药,例如安非他酮和文拉法辛;一些第二代抗精神病药,例如喹硫平和奥氮平。此外,用于娱乐目的的一些非处方药的使用正在增加,尤其是在易受伤害的人群中,例如年轻人/青少年,包括使用大剂量的止泻洛哌丁胺;第一代抗组胺药,例如异丙嗪,环丙嗪,和苯海拉明;含有右美沙芬和/或可待因的咳嗽和感冒制剂。在这种情况下,互联网的作用迅速增加,在用户和实验者之间新出现的滥用药物趋势的传播以及通过在线药房进行的市场营销,销售和分销中都发挥着重要作用。在毒品形势迅速变化的背景下,这种现象是全球公认的健康问题,确定了包括死亡在内的严重不良后果,并且对一般医生,精神科医生,公共卫生和药物管制政策构成了挑战。在用户和实验者之间新出现的滥用药物趋势的传播以及通过在线药房进行的市场营销,销售和分销中,都扮演着重要角色。在毒品形势迅速变化的背景下,这种现象是全球公认的健康问题,确定了包括死亡在内的严重不良后果,并且对一般医生,精神科医生,公共卫生和药物管制政策构成了挑战。在用户和实验者之间新出现的滥用药物趋势的传播以及通过在线药房进行的市场营销,销售和分销中发挥着重要作用。在毒品形势迅速变化的背景下,这种现象是全球公认的健康问题,确定了包括死亡在内的严重不良后果,并且对一般医生,精神科医生,公共卫生和药物管制政策构成了挑战。
更新日期:2020-10-14
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