Oxidative stress (OS) and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been implicated in many neurological pathologies, including acute seizures and epilepsy. Seizure-induced damage has been demonstrated both in vitro and in several in vivo seizure and epilepsy models by direct determination of ROS, and by measuring indirect markers of OS. In this manuscript, we review the current reliable methods for quantifying ROS-related and OS-related markers in pre-clinical and clinical epilepsy studies. We first provide pieces of evidence for the involvement of different sources of ROS in epilepsy. We then discuss general methods and assays used for the ROS measurements, mainly superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radical in in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, we discuss the role of these ROS and markers of oxidative injury in acute seizures and epilepsy pre-clinical studies. The indirect detection of secondary products of ROS such as measurements of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation will also be discussed. This review also discusses reliable methods for the assessment of ROS, OS markers, and their by-products in epilepsy clinical studies.

中文翻译：

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癫痫病患者的活性氧和氧化应激量化方法

氧化应激（OS）和过量活性氧（ROS）的产生与许多神经病理学有关，包括急性发作和癫痫。通过直接测定ROS，以及通过测量OS的间接标记物，已在体外和几种体内的癫痫发作和癫痫模型中证实了癫痫发作诱发的损伤。在本文中，我们回顾了在临床前和临床癫痫研究中量化ROS相关和OS相关标志物的当前可靠方法。我们首先提供证据证明不同来源的ROS参与癫痫。然后，我们讨论体外和体内研究中用于ROS测量的一般方法和测定法，主要是超氧阴离子，过氧化氢，过氧亚硝酸盐和羟基自由基。此外，我们讨论了这些ROS和氧化损伤标记物在急性癫痫发作和癫痫临床前研究中的作用。还讨论了间接检测ROS的副产物，例如DNA损伤，脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化的测定。这篇综述还讨论了在癫痫临床研究中评估ROS，OS标记及其副产物的可靠方法。