Excessive use of antimicrobials and inadequate infection control practices has turned antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into a global, public health peril. We studied the expression of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS plasmid in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in swine and humans from Romania, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) for human subjects (H) on 147 samples and 53 swine (S) was ascertained as well as the isolation of bacterial DNA (E. coli) as follows: bacteriolysis, DNA-binding, rinsing, elution, amplification, and nucleic acids’ migration and U.V. visualization stages. From 24 samples of E. coli resistant to CIP collected from H subjects and 15 from S, for PCR analysis, 15 H and 12 S were used, with DNA purity of 1.8. The statistically analyzed results using the Crosstabs function (IBM SPSS Statistics-Ver. 2.1.), revealed the qnrS (417 bp) gene in 13 human subjects (52.0%), as well as in all swine samples studied. The qnrB (526 bp) gene was exposed in 9 of the human patients (36.0%) and in all swine isolates, and the qnrA (516 bp) gene was observed only in 3 of the isolates obtained from human subjects (12.0%) and was not discovered in pigs (p > 0.05). The presence of plasmids qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS in the human samples and of qnrB and qnrS in swine, facilitates the survival of pathogens despite the CIP action. The long-term use of CIP could cause a boost in the prevalence of qnr resistance genes, and resistance in the pigs destined for slaughter, a perturbing fact for public health and the human consumer.

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚西部猪场和一家医院的肠杆菌科耐药环丙沙星病例中qnrA，qnrB和qnrS基因的比较评估

过度使用抗菌药物和不适当的感染控制措施已使抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）成为全球性的公共卫生风险。我们研究的表达qnrA，qnrB和qnrS质粒环丙沙星（CIP）的抗性菌株大肠杆菌在猪和人免受罗马尼亚，使用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术。确定了针对147个样品和53头猪（S）的人类受试者（H）的抗生素药敏试验（AST）以及细菌DNA（E. coli）的分离，方法如下：细菌分解，DNA结合，冲洗，洗脱，扩增，以及核酸的迁移和UV可视化阶段。从24个大肠杆菌样品中对H受试者收集的CIP具有抗性，而S接受的抗性为15，为了进行PCR分析，使用了15 H和12 S，DNA纯度为1.8。使用Crosstabs函数（IBM SPSS Statistics- Ver.2.1。）进行的统计分析结果显示13名人类受试者（52.0％）以及所有研究的猪样本中的qnrS（417 bp）基因。的qnrB（526 bp）的基因被暴露在的人类患者（36.0％）9，并在所有猪分离株，和qnrA（516 bp）的基因中观察到仅在从人类受试者（12.0％）中获得的分离株的3和在猪中未发现（p > 0.05）。的质粒的存在qnrA，qnrB和qnrS和人类样品中qnrB和qnrS猪，有利于病原体尽管CIP动作生存。长期使用CIP可能会导致qnr耐药基因的患病率增加，并有可能将猪屠宰产生耐药性，这对公共卫生和人类消费者都是一个困扰。