Abstract

We investigated the toxicity of Iron oxide and Zinc oxide engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos and three species of microalgae. Morphological responses, internalization, and potential impacts of Fe₂O₃ and ZnO ENPs on physiology and metabolism were assessed. Both types of ENPs affected P. lividus larval development, but ZnO ENPs had a much stronger effect. While growth of the alga Micromonas commoda was severely impaired by both ENPs, Ostreococcus tauri or Nannochloris sp. were unaffected. Transmission electron microscopy showed the internalization of ENPs in sea urchin embryonic cells while only nanoparticle interaction with external membranes was evidenced in microalgae, suggesting that marine organisms react in diverse ways to ENPs. Transcriptome-wide analysis in P. lividus and M. commoda showed that many different physiological pathways were affected, some of which were common to both species, giving insights about the mechanisms underpinning toxic responses.

摘要

我们研究了氧化铁和氧化锌工程纳米颗粒（ENP）对Paracentrotus lividus海胆胚胎和三种微藻的毒性。评估了Fe ₂ O ₃和ZnO ENPs的形态响应，内在化以及对生理和代谢的潜在影响。两种类型的ENP都影响青紫假蝇幼虫的发育，但是ZnO ENP具有更强的作用。虽然两种ENP，金合酶Ostreococcus tauri或Nannochloris sp均严重损害了藻类小单胞菌的生长。不受影响。透射电子显微镜显示海胆胚胎细胞中ENP的内在化，而微藻仅证明了纳米颗粒与外膜的相互作用，这表明海洋生物对ENP的反应多种多样。在青紫假单胞菌和小商品鼠中的转录组范围内的分析表明，许多不同的生理途径都受到了影响，其中一些是这两个物种共有的，从而洞察了毒性反应的基础机理。