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Renal functional reserve: From physiological phenomenon to clinical biomarker and beyond
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2020
Alemayehu H. Jufar 1, 2 , Yugeesh R. Lankadeva 2 , Clive N. May 2 , Andrew D. Cochrane 3 , Rinaldo Bellomo 4 , Roger G. Evans 1
Affiliation  

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is acutely increased following a high protein meal or systemic infusion of amino acids. The mechanisms underlying this renal functional response remain to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, they appear to culminate in pre-glomerular vasodilation. Inhibition of the tubuloglomerular feedback signal appears critical. However, nitric oxide, vasodilator prostaglandins, and glucagon also appear important. The increase in GFR during amino acid infusion reveals a 'renal reserve' which can be utilized when the physiological demand for single nephron GFR increases. This has led to the concept that in sub-clinical renal disease, before basal GFR begins to reduce, renal functional reserve can be recruited in a manner that preserves renal function. The extension of this concept is that, once a decline in basal GFR can be detected, renal disease is already well-progressed. This concept likely applies both in the contexts of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Critically, its corollary is that deficits in renal functional reserve have the potential to provide early detection of renal dysfunction, before basal GFR is reduced. There is growing evidence that the renal response to infusion of amino acids can be used to identify patients at risk of developing either chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury and as a treatment target for acute kidney injury. However, large multicenter clinical trials are required to test these propositions. A renewed effort to understand the renal physiology underlying the response to amino acid infusion is also warranted.

中文翻译:

肾功能储备:从生理现象到临床生物标志物及其他

高蛋白餐或全身性输注氨基酸后,肾小球滤过率(GFR)急剧增加。肾功能反应的基础机制尚待充分阐明。然而,它们似乎在肾小球前血管舒张期达到高潮。肾小管肾小球反馈信号的抑制显得至关重要。但是,一氧化氮,血管扩张剂前列腺素和胰高血糖素也显得很重要。氨基酸输注过程中GFR的增加显示出“肾脏储备”,当单个肾单位GFR的生理需求增加时,可以利用该储备。这导致了以下观念:在亚临床肾脏疾病中,在基础GFR开始降低之前,可以以保留肾功能的方式募集肾功能储备。这个概念的扩展是,一旦可以检测到基础GFR下降,则肾脏疾病已经进展顺利。这个概念可能同时适用于慢性肾脏疾病和急性肾脏损伤。至关重要的是,其推论是在基础GFR降低之前,肾功能储备的不足可能提供早期发现肾功能障碍的潜力。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。这个概念可能同时适用于慢性肾脏疾病和急性肾脏损伤。至关重要的是,其推论是在基础GFR降低之前,肾功能储备的不足可能提供早期发现肾功能障碍的潜力。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。这个概念可能同时适用于慢性肾脏疾病和急性肾脏损伤。至关重要的是,其推论是在基础GFR降低之前,肾功能储备的不足可能提供早期发现肾功能障碍的潜力。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗目标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。其推论是,在基础GFR降低之前,肾功能储备的不足可能提供早期发现肾功能不全的潜力。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。其推论是,在基础GFR降低之前,肾功能储备的不足可能提供早期发现肾功能不全的潜力。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。越来越多的证据表明,肾脏对氨基酸输注的反应可用于识别有发展为慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾损伤风险的患者,并可用作急性肾损伤的治疗靶标。但是,需要大型的多中心临床试验来检验这些主张。还必须作出新的努力来了解对氨基酸输注反应的潜在肾脏生理机能。
更新日期:2020-10-15
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