Humans are exposed to pyrethroid‐based pesticides through agricultural produce. In this study, male Wistar rats were orally treated for 9 to 12 months with a mixture of pyrethroids that is equivalent to one‐fifth (high dose; HD) or one‐twenty fifth (low dose; LD) of the amount of pyrethroids present in the cereals and rice consumed by an average Indian. In rats treated for 9 months, the spermatogenesis‐associated genes Abp, Ar, Cd9, Dax1, Dazap1, Ddx3y, Gdnf, Gfra1, Grth, Inhb, Ovol1, P1, Plzf, Pygo2, Scf, Tgfb1, Tp1, Tp2, and Vim1 were downregulated in both LD and HD groups. In rats treated for 12 months Gdnf, Hsf2, Inhb, Tgfb1, Thy1, and Ybx2 expression was downregulated in both LD and HD groups. Steroidogenesis‐associated genes 17‐β‐Hsd, Gata4, Hmgcr, Hmgcs1, Pde4b, and Tspo gene expression were reduced in both LD‐ and HD‐treated groups treated for 9 months. In 12‐month‐treated rats, Creb1 expression decreased in both LD and HD groups. The epigenetic reprogramming‐associated genes, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Hdac10, Hp1bp3, Kat3a Kat3b, Mch2ta, Ncoa7, and Sirt1 were downregulated in both HD and LD groups of 9‐months‐treated rats. In rats treated for 12 months, Hdac10, Mch2ta, Ncoa7, and Sirt1 messenger RNA levels decreased in both the HD and LD groups. Thus, we demonstrate that long‐term exposure to a mixture of pyrethroids caused aberrations in the transcriptome of factors involved in sperm production and development.

中文翻译：

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拟除虫菊酯类化合物长期治疗对大鼠雄性生殖细胞产生的基因表达的影响

人类通过农产品接触拟除虫菊酯类农药。在这项研究中，雄性Wistar大鼠口服拟除虫菊酯混合物治疗9到12个月，其混合物相当于拟除虫菊酯含量的五分之一（高剂量； HD）或二十分之一（低剂量； LD）印度人平均消耗的谷物和大米 在治疗9个月的大鼠中，与精子形成相关的基因Abp，Ar，Cd9，Dax1，Dazap1，Ddx3y，Gdnf，Gfra1，Grth，Inhb，Ovol1，P1，Plzf，Pygo2，Scf，Tgfb1，Tp1，Tp2和Vim1在LD和HD组中均被下调。在治疗12个月的大鼠中，LD和HD组的Gdnf，Hsf2，Inhb，Tgfb1，Thy1和Ybx2表达均下调。类固醇生成相关基因在治疗9个月的LD和HD治疗组中，17-β-Hsd，Gata4，Hmgcr，Hmgcs1，Pde4b和Tspo基因表达均降低。在接受12个月治疗的大鼠中，LD和HD组的Creb1表达均下降。在经过9个月治疗的大鼠的HD和LD组中，表观遗传重编程相关基因Dnmt1，Dnmt3a，Dnmt3b，Hdac10，Hp1bp3，Kat3a Kat3b，Mch2ta，Ncoa7和Sirt1均下调。在治疗12个月的大鼠中，Hdac10，Mch2ta，Ncoa7和Sirt1HD和LD组中信使RNA水平均降低。因此，我们证明长期暴露于拟除虫菊酯的混合物会导致精子产生和发育的相关转录组中出现异常。