Muscle ultrasound is a valuable addition to the neuromuscular toolkit in both the clinic and research settings, with proven value and reliability. However, it is currently not fulfilling its full potential in the diagnostic care of patients with neuromuscular disease. This review highlights the possibilities and pitfalls of muscle ultrasound as a diagnostic tool and biomarker, and discusses challenges to its widespread implementation. We expect that limitations in visual image interpretation, posed by user inexperience, could be overcome with simpler scoring systems and the help of deep‐learning algorithms. In addition, more information should be collected on the relation between specific neuromuscular disorders, disease stages, and expected ultrasound abnormalities, as this will enhance specificity of the technique and enable the use of muscle ultrasound as a biomarker. Quantified muscle ultrasound gives the most sensitive results but is hampered by the need for device‐specific reference values. Efforts in creating dedicated muscle ultrasound systems and artificial intelligence to help with image interpretation are expected to improve usability. Finally, the standard inclusion of muscle and nerve ultrasound in neuromuscular teaching curricula and guidelines will facilitate further implementation in practice. Our hope is that this review will help in unleashing muscle ultrasound's full potential.

中文翻译：

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肌肉超声：现状和未来机会

肌肉超声是在临床和研究环境中对神经肌肉工具包的宝贵补充，具有已证明的价值和可靠性。但是，它目前在神经肌肉疾病患者的诊断护理中尚未发挥其全部潜力。这篇综述重点介绍了肌肉超声作为诊断工具和生物标志物的可能性和陷阱，并讨论了其广泛实施所面临的挑战。我们希望可以通过更简单的评分系统和深度学习算法的帮助来克服用户经验不足造成的视觉图像解释方面的局限性。此外，应收集更多有关特定神经肌肉疾病，疾病阶段和预期的超声异常之间的关系的信息，因为这将增强技术的特异性，并能够将肌肉超声用作生物标记。定量的肌肉超声可提供最灵敏的结果，但由于需要特定于设备的参考值而受到阻碍。创建专用的肌肉超声系统和人工智能以帮助图像解释的工作有望改善可用性。最后，在神经肌肉教学课程和指南中将肌肉和神经超声纳入标准，将有助于在实践中进一步实施。我们希望这项审查将有助于释放肌肉超声的全部潜能。创建专用的肌肉超声系统和人工智能以帮助图像解释的工作有望改善可用性。最后，在神经肌肉教学课程和指南中将肌肉和神经超声纳入标准，将有助于在实践中进一步实施。我们希望这项审查将有助于释放肌肉超声的全部潜能。创建专用的肌肉超声系统和人工智能以帮助图像解释的工作有望改善可用性。最后，在神经肌肉教学课程和指南中将肌肉和神经超声纳入标准，将有助于在实践中进一步实施。我们希望这项审查将有助于释放肌肉超声的全部潜能。