Abstract Previous studies of pollen in northern Borneo lack basic data on surface soil pollen as a basis for the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate and modern palynological comparison. In this study, we conducted palynological analysis on 86 surface soil samples from northern Borneo, in addition to core NS07-25 from the southern South China Sea (SCS). The results reveal that the principal pollen component of the modern soil in northern Borneo is ferns (95.19%) and the second one is trees (4.07%). Fern spores dominate the pollen diagram of tropical rainforests in Borneo. In the northeast to southwest transect, fern spores and tree pollen represent approximately 94.47% and 4.41% of the topsoil pollen, respectively. At the highest-altitude site of the northwest to southeast transect, tree pollen and Polypodiaceae spores had the highest percentages. At low altitudes, the tree pollen content was low and Microlepia spores were abundant. Based on the principal component analysis of pollen samples, components 1 and 2 are probably related to humidity and temperature, respectively, which are crucial factors influencing pollen distribution. According to the near analysis function from ArcGIS, the pollen and spores in core NS07-25 may have originated from northern Borneo, during 37.52–26 ka BP, and

中文翻译：

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北婆罗洲表层土壤花粉特征及其古环境意义

摘要 以往对婆罗洲北部花粉的研究缺乏表层土壤花粉的基础数据，无法作为古气候定量重建和现代孢粉学比较的基础。在这项研究中，除了来自南海南部 (SCS) 的核心 NS07-25 外，我们还对来自婆罗洲北部的 86 个表层土壤样本进行了孢粉学分析。结果表明，婆罗洲北部现代土壤的主要花粉成分是蕨类植物（95.19%），其次是树木（4.07%）。蕨类孢子在婆罗洲热带雨林的花粉图中占主导地位。在东北至西南断面，蕨类孢子和树木花粉分别占表土花粉的 94.47% 和 4.41%。在西北至东南横断面的最高海拔站点，树花粉和息肉科孢子的百分比最高。在低海拔地区，树木花粉含量低，小鳞翅目孢子丰富。根据花粉样品的主成分分析，成分1和成分2可能分别与湿度和温度有关，是影响花粉分布的关键因素。根据ArcGIS 的近距分析功能，核心NS07-25 中的花粉和孢子可能起源于北婆罗洲，在37.52-26 ka BP 期间，并且