Abstract The stable isotopic (δ34S, δ18O, δ2H) composition of mine waters has been examined from coal and metal mines, of varying depth, in Spain (Asturias), the UK (north Derbyshire/Yorkshire) and Poland (Bytom, Upper Silesia). δ18O and δ2H data confirm a meteoric origin for all waters. The mine waters have elevated sulphate concentrations relative to recent meteorically-derived groundwaters and have elevated SO42−/Cl− ratios relative to marine water. In the shallower mines and Markham No. 3, the dissolved sulphate δ34S is low, suggesting the sulphate is derived from the oxidation of sulphide minerals. In most of the deeper mines, the dissolved sulphate δ34S is too high (>15‰), to be derived from simple pyrite oxidation. In the deep Polish and Spanish mine waters, the source of sulphate may be evaporite mineral dissolution, but such a mechanism is problematic in the case of the Caphouse (UK) mine. Fractionation associated with sulphate reduction may have contributed to elevated dissolved sulphate δ34S. Elevated sulphate in deep coal mine waters may not always be simply derived from pyrite oxidation. The consistent observation of elevated dissolved sulphate δ34S in deep coal mines suggests a distinct genetic pathway, the origin of which as yet remains equivocal.

中文翻译：

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关于在欧洲矿井水中常见的具有升高的 δ34S 的硫酸盐：硫化物、蒸发物还是海水？

摘要 已在西班牙（阿斯图里亚斯）、英国（北德比郡/约克郡）和波兰（比托姆、上西里西亚）的不同深度煤矿和金属矿中检测了矿井水中的稳定同位素（δ34S、δ18O、δ2H）成分. δ18O 和 δ2H 数据证实了所有水域的陨石起源。矿井水中的硫酸盐浓度相对于最近的大气衍生地下水有所升高，并且相对于海水的 SO42-/Cl- 比率也有所升高。在较浅的矿井和 Markham No. 3 中，溶解的硫酸盐 δ34S 低，表明硫酸盐来自硫化矿物的氧化。在大多数较深的矿井中，溶解的硫酸盐 δ34S 过高（>15‰），不能由简单的黄铁矿氧化得到。在波兰和西班牙的深矿水域，硫酸盐的来源可能是蒸发岩矿物溶解，但这种机制在 Caphouse（英国）矿山的情况下是有问题的。与硫酸盐还原相关的分馏可能导致溶解的硫酸盐 δ34S 升高。深部煤矿水中的硫酸盐升高可能并不总是简单地源自黄铁矿氧化。对深部煤矿中溶解硫酸盐 δ34S 升高的一致观察表明存在一种独特的遗传途径，其起源至今仍不明确。