Abstract With provision of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services, satellite navigation systems have become a pillar of modern society. These services lay the foundations of a growing number of technological and socio-economic systems and constitute a key enabling technology for transportation systems, services and components. Mitigation of disruptions and degradation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning performance and operation quality become critical issues for satellite navigation advancement and adoption. Ionospheric conditions are the single prime natural cause of GNSS positioning performance disruptions and degradations. Complex, non-linear and random nature of the ionospheric effects on GNSS positioning performance adds to the challenges of the suitable mitigation processes development. Here a contribution to the understanding of the ionospheric effects on GNSS positioning performance is provided through a study of Total Electron Content (TEC) and GNSS pseudorange measurement errors time series in the selected cases of characteristic ionospheric conditions, using the Recurrence Plot Analysis (RPA), a common procedure for studying general time series. Based on experimental GPS observations, this study found good alignment of TEC and TEC-rate time series with several characteristic schemes of dynamical behaviour, thus allowing for classification of ionospheric conditions and related TEC behaviour based on their dynamical properties. Further to this, the study identified several RPA predictors as precursors of developing ionospheric storm and the consequent disruptions and degradation of GNSS positioning performance. The study stressed the importance of TEC time series assessment, and initiates research challenges for consideration of TEC time series RPA predictors for mitigation, correction, and forecasting model development of GNSS pseudorange measurements, and GNSS position estimation errors, thus contributing to GNSS resiliency development against space weather and ionospheric effects.

中文翻译：

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极端电离层条件下GPS电离层延迟时间序列的回归图分析

摘要 随着定位、导航和授时（PNT）服务的提供，卫星导航系统已成为现代社会的支柱。这些服务为越来越多的技术和社会经济系统奠定了基础，并构成了运输系统、服务和组件的关键支持技术。减轻全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 定位性能和运行质量的中断和退化成为卫星导航进步和采用的关键问题。电离层条件是 GNSS 定位性能中断和降级的唯一主要原因。电离层对 GNSS 定位性能的影响的复杂、非线性和随机性质增加了适当缓解过程开发的挑战。在此，通过使用递归图分析 (RPA) 研究特定电离层条件下的总电子含量 (TEC) 和 GNSS 伪距测量误差时间序列，有助于了解电离层对 GNSS 定位性能的影响，研究一般时间序列的常用程序。基于实验性 GPS 观测，本研究发现 TEC 和 TEC 速率时间序列与动力行为的几种特征方案具有良好的一致性，从而允许根据其动力学特性对电离层条件和相关 TEC 行为进行分类。此外，该研究还确定了几个 RPA 预测因子，作为发展电离层风暴以及随之而来的 GNSS 定位性能中断和退化的先兆。