Treatment-related acute gastrointestinal toxicities are a common and often debilitating hurdle encountered in the treatment of cancer patients. While the introduction of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors has led to improvements in survival outcomes, their use has also been complicated by a high frequency of clinically important adverse effects. Gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and hepatotoxicity represent potentially serious adverse events that may necessitate dose reductions, treatment interruptions and cessation of treatment. An improved knowledge of the incidence, pathophysiology, management and prophylaxis of these toxicities is crucial in order to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss the main gastrointestinal toxicities associated with chemotherapy and targeted therapies in oncology, outlining their incidence, pathophysiology and expert management guidelines.

与治疗有关的急性胃肠道毒性是在癌症患者的治疗中遇到的常见且常常使人衰弱的障碍。尽管引入靶向疗法（例如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂）已改善了生存结果，但由于临床上重要的不良反应发生频率很高，其使用也变得复杂。胃肠道毒性，如恶心，呕吐，腹泻和肝毒性，代表潜在的严重不良事件，可能需要降低剂量，中断治疗和中止治疗。为了降低患者的发病率和死亡率，对这些毒性的发生率，病理生理学，处理和预防的了解越来越重要。在这篇评论中