Context Pattern-based spatial analysis provides methods to describe and quantitatively compare spatial patterns for categorical raster datasets. It allows for spatial search, change detection, and clustering of areas with similar patterns. Objectives We developed an R package motif as a set of open-source tools for pattern-based spatial analysis. Methods This package provides most of the functionality of existing software (except spatial segmentation), but also extends the existing ideas through support for multi-layer raster datasets. It accepts larger-than-RAM datasets and works across all of the major operating systems. Results In this study, we describe the software design of the tool, its capabilities, and present four case studies. They include calculation of spatial signatures based on land cover data for regular and irregular areas, search for regions with similar patterns of geomorphons, detection of changes in land cover patterns, and clustering of areas with similar spatial patterns of land cover and landforms. Conclusions The methods implemented in motif should be useful in a wide range of applications, including land management, sustainable development, environmental protection, forest cover change and urban growth monitoring, and agriculture expansion studies. The motif package homepage is https://nowosad.github.io/motif .

中文翻译：

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Motif：用于基于模式的空间分析的开源 R 工具

基于上下文模式的空间分析提供了描述和定量比较分类栅格数据集空间模式的方法。它允许对具有相似模式的区域进行空间搜索、变化检测和聚类。目标 我们开发了一个 R 包motif 作为一组用于基于模式的空间分析的开源工具。方法 该软件包提供了现有软件的大部分功能（空间分割除外），还通过支持多层栅格数据集扩展了现有思想。它接受大于 RAM 的数据集并适用于所有主要操作系统。结果 在本研究中，我们描述了该工具的软件设计及其功能，并介绍了四个案例研究。它们包括根据规则和不规则区域的土地覆盖数据计算空间特征，搜索具有相似地貌模式的区域，检测土地覆盖模式的变化，以及对具有相似土地覆盖和地貌空间模式的区域进行聚类。结论 在motif 中实施的方法应该在广泛的应用中有用，包括土地管理、可持续发展、环境保护、森林覆盖变化和城市增长监测以及农业扩张研究。主题包主页是 https://nowosad.github.io/motif 。森林覆盖变化和城市增长监测，以及农业扩张研究。主题包主页是 https://nowosad.github.io/motif 。森林覆盖变化和城市增长监测，以及农业扩张研究。主题包主页是 https://nowosad.github.io/motif 。