The evergreen, broad-leaved, Ligustrum japonicum and the deciduous Cornus officinalis are distributed in the central and southern parts of Korea and are widely used as landscape plants. In this study, we observed changes in the physiological characteristics of the two species across seasons by observing the changes in leaf photosynthesis; chlorophyll fluorescence; chlorophyll, carotenoid, and carbohydrate contents, osmolality and total ions. With a low soil moisture content due to low rainfall in June, the deciduous C. officinalis showed a 0.3 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ stomatal conductance and open stomata allowing for photosynthesis. However, the evergreen L. japonicum showed a 0 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ stomatal conductance and almost completely closed stomata, indicating a high water use efficiency. Cornus officinalis exhibited a higher leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and carbon fixation efficiency (CE) than L. japonicum in all months except for November at which time its leaves fell from senescence. In winter, L. japonicum showed a dramatic decrease in its photosynthetic rate and F_v/F_m ratio under conditions of lower than average air temperature and soil moisture; furthermore, it showed a high ratio of the photochemical quantum yield Y(NO) and almost no photosynthetic activity despite it having leaves. Ligustrum japonicum appears to be tolerant to water stress and low temperature by a maintenance of osmosis through the increase and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in winter. In conclusion, the two species showed different physiological characteristics under a water stress environment.

常绿，阔叶，女贞和落叶山茱off分布在韩国的中部和南部，被广泛用作园林植物。在这项研究中，我们通过观察叶片光合作用的变化观察了两个物种在整个季节的生理特征的变化。叶绿素荧光 叶绿素，类胡萝卜素和碳水化合物含量，重量克分子渗透压浓度和总离子。由于六月份的降雨量少，土壤水分含量低，落叶的C. officinalis表现出0.3 mmol m ^-2  s ^-1的气孔导度和开放的气孔，可以进行光合作用。然而，常绿的日本锦葵显示为0 mmol·m⁻²  s ^-1气孔导度和几乎完全闭合的气孔，表明较高的用水效率。山茱萸表现出较高的叶净光合速率（P _Ñ），气孔导度（Gs），蒸腾（ë），和固碳效率（CE）比L.血吸虫所有月除了十一月，此时它的叶子衰老从下降。冬季，L。japonicum的光合速率和F _v / F _m显着下降。在低于平均气温和土壤湿度的条件下的比率；此外，尽管具有叶，但它显示出高比例的光化学量子产率Y（NO），几乎没有光合作用活性。通过在冬季增加和积累可溶性碳水化合物来维持渗透作用，女贞似乎可以忍受水分胁迫和低温。综上所述，两种物种在水分胁迫环境下表现出不同的生理特性。