Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming.

基于自然的解决方案 (NBS) 作为通过利用生态过程来应对社会挑战的行动越来越受到关注，但在使用 NBS 进行景观规划的方法方面仍存在知识差距。本文旨在为如何概念化 NBS 规划并在实践中应用提供建议。我们通过融合文献中的见解和德国拉恩河景观的案例研究，开发了一个 NBS 规划框架。我们的框架涉及定义 NBS 的三个关键标准，并由六个规划步骤组成：共同定义环境、了解挑战、创建愿景和场景、评估潜在影响、制定解决方案策略以及实现和监控。其实施遵循五项原则，即地点特异性、证据基础、整合性、公平性和跨学科性。根据案例研究的实证见解，我们提出了在实践中应用该框架的合适方法和支持程序清单。总而言之，我们的框架可以促进 NBS 规划，并为主流化提供进一步的步骤。