The edge confinement barrier of high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasma involves a variety of plasma waves alongside with fluid instabilities and collective particle transport during the barrier collapse. We demonstrate a new method of resolving the plasma waves by measuring the modulations embedded in the second harmonic electron cyclotron emission (ECE). Utilizing mm-wave heterodyne detection and fast digitization technologies on the KSTAR tokamak, we resolve not only the frequency spectrum but the wavenumber as well. At the plasma boundary during the barrier collapse, we observe multiple bursts of broadband whistler-frequency (<8 GHz) waves, together with intense narrowband emissions. The narrowband emissions exhibit rapid rising and falling tones within a few microseconds. Bispectral analyses reveal the existence of nonlinear interactions between the broadband and the narrowband waves, confirming their concurrence in the barrier zone. We estimate that the vertical wavenumbe...

中文翻译：

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KSTAR H型等离子体在基座塌陷时发出强烈的啸叫频率辐射

高约束模式（H模式）等离子体的边缘约束势垒涉及各种等离子体波，以及势垒崩溃期间的流体不稳定性和集体粒子传输。我们演示了一种通过测量二次谐波电子回旋加速器发射（ECE）中嵌入的调制来解决等离子体波的新方法。在KSTAR托卡马克上利用毫米波外差检测和快速数字化技术，我们不仅解析频谱，而且解析波数。在势垒崩溃期间的等离子边界处，我们观察到宽带惠斯勒频率（<8 GHz）波的多次爆发以及强烈的窄带发射。窄带发射在几微秒内显示出快速上升和下降的音调。双谱分析揭示了宽带波和窄带波之间存在非线性相互作用，从而确认了它们在障碍区的同时性。我们估计垂直波幅...