Destruction and death of neurons can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. One possible way to treat neurodegenerative diseases and damage of the nervous system is replacing damaged and dead neurons by cell transplantation. If new neurons can replace the lost neurons, patients may be able to regain the lost functions of memory, motor, and so on. Therefore, acquiring neurons conveniently and efficiently is vital to treat neurological diseases. In recent years, studies on reprogramming human fibroblasts into neurons have emerged one after another, and this paper summarizes all these studies. Scientists find small molecules and transcription factors playing a crucial role in reprogramming and inducing neuron production. At the same time, both the physiological microenvironment in vivo and the physical and chemical factors in vitro play an essential role in the induction of neurons. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed these relevant factors. In addition, due to the unique advantages of physical factors in the process of reprogramming human fibroblasts into neurons, such as safe and minimally invasive, it has a more promising application prospect. Therefore, this paper also summarizes some successful physical mechanisms of utilizing fibroblasts to acquire neurons, which will provide new ideas for somatic cell reprogramming.

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如何将人类成纤维细胞重编程为神经元

神经元的破坏和死亡可导致神经退行性疾病。治疗神经退行性疾病和神经系统损伤的一种可能方法是通过细胞移植替代受损和死亡的神经元。如果新的神经元可以替代丢失的神经元，则患者可能能够恢复记忆，运动等功能的丧失。因此，方便有效地获取神经元对于治疗神经系统疾病至关重要。近年来，关于将人成纤维细胞重编程为神经元的研究层出不穷，本文总结了所有这些研究。科学家发现小分子和转录因子在重编程和诱导神经元产生中起着至关重要的作用。同时，体内的生理微环境和体外的物理化学因素均在神经元的诱导中起着至关重要的作用。因此，本文对这些相关因素进行了总结和分析。另外，由于物理因素在将人成纤维细胞重编程为神经元的过程中的独特优势，例如安全和微创，因此具有更广阔的应用前景。因此，本文还总结了利用成纤维细胞获得神经元的一些成功的物理机制，这将为体细胞重编程提供新的思路。例如安全和微创，它具有更广阔的应用前景。因此，本文还总结了利用成纤维细胞获得神经元的一些成功的物理机制，这将为体细胞重编程提供新的思路。例如安全和微创，它具有更广阔的应用前景。因此，本文还总结了利用成纤维细胞获得神经元的一些成功的物理机制，这将为体细胞重编程提供新的思路。