The use of direct-drive machines in renewable and industrial applications is increasing at a rapid rate. Transverse flux machines (TFMs) are ideally suited for direct-drive applications due to their high torque density. This article presents a comprehensive review of permanent magnet (PM) TFMs for direct-drive applications. It introduces TFMs and their operating principle and reviews the different types of TFMs proposed in the literature. TFMs are categorized by the number of stator sides, types of stator cores, and magnet arrangement in the rotor. The review covers different design topologies, materials used for manufacturing, structural and thermal analyses, modeling, design optimization, and cogging torque minimization in TFMs. The article also examines various applications and comparisons for TFMs presented in the literature.

中文翻译：

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永磁横向磁通机的综合回顾：在直接驱动应用中的使用

直接驱动机器在可再生和工业应用中的使用正在迅速增加。横向磁通机 (TFM) 由于其高扭矩密度而非常适合直接驱动应用。本文全面回顾了用于直接驱动应用的永磁 (PM) TFM。它介绍了 TFM 及其工作原理，并回顾了文献中提出的不同类型的 TFM。TFM 根据定子边数、定子铁芯类型和转子中的磁铁排列进行分类。该评论涵盖了不同的设计拓扑、用于制造的材料、结构和热分析、建模、设计优化和 TFM 中的齿槽扭矩最小化。本文还研究了文献中介绍的 TFM 的各种应用和比较。