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The Himalayan Uplift and the Evolution of Aquatic Biodiversity Across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a Test Case
bioRxiv - Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.336149
Binod Regmi , Marlis R. Douglas , David R. Edds , Karma Wangchuk , Chang Lu , Gopal Prasad Khanal , Pema Norbu , Sangay Norbu , Sonam Dorji , Singye Tshering , Zachary Angel , Tyler K. Chafin , Zachery D. Zbinden , Michael E. Douglas

The Himalayan uplift, a tectonic event of global importance, seemingly disseminated aquatic biodiversity broadly across Asia. But surprisingly, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. We do so herein by sequencing 1,140 base-pair of mtDNA cytochrome-b for 72 tetraploid Nepalese/Bhutanese Snowtrout (Schizothorax spp.), combining those data with 67 GENBANK sequences (59 ingroup/8 outgroup), then reconstructing phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood/ Bayesian analyses. Results indicate Snowtrout originated in Central Asia, dispersed across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), then into Bhutan via south-flowing tributaries of the east-flowing Yarlung-Tsangpo River (YLTR). The headwaters of five large Asian rivers provided dispersal corridors into southeast Asia. South of the Himalaya, the YLTR transitions into a westward-flowing Brahmaputra River that facilitated successive colonization of Himalayan drainages: First Bhutan, then Nepal, followed by far-western drainages subsequently captured by the Indus River. We found greater species-divergences across rather than within-basins, implicating vicariant evolution as a driver. The Himalaya is a component of the third-pole [largest (but rapidly shrinking) glacial reservoir outside the Arctic/Antarctic]. Its unique aquatic biodiversity must not only be recognized (as herein) but also conserved through broad, trans-national collaborations. Our results effectively contrast phylogeography with taxonomy as a necessary first step in this process.

中文翻译:

喜马拉雅山隆升与整个亚洲水生生物多样性的演变:以雪鳟(鲤科鱼:Schizothorax)为例

喜马拉雅山隆升是具有全球重要性的构造事件,似乎在整个亚洲广泛传播了水生生物多样性。但是令人惊讶的是,这一假设尚未得到检验。我们在这里通过对72个四倍体尼泊尔/不丹雪鳟(Schizothorax spp。)的mtDNA细胞色素b的1,140个碱基对进行测序,将这些数据与67个GENBANK序列(59个ingroup / 8外向)组合,然后使用最大似然性重建系统发育关系/贝叶斯分析。结果表明,鳟鱼起源于中亚,分布在青藏高原(QTP),然后通过东流的雅鲁藏布江(YLTR)的南流支流进入不丹。亚洲五条大河的源头向东南亚提供了分散的走廊。在喜马拉雅山以南,YLTR过渡到向西流动的Brahmaputra河,这促进了喜马拉雅排水系统的连续殖民:首先是不丹,然后是尼泊尔,然后是后来被印度河捕获的远西部排水系统。我们发现跨流域而不是流域内部的物种差异更大,这暗示了维多利亚进化为驱动力。喜马拉雅山是第三极(北极/南极以外最大(但正在迅速缩小)的冰川储层)的组成部分。它独特的水生生物多样性不仅必须得到承认(如此处所述),而且还必须通过广泛的跨国合作加以保护。我们的结果有效地将了植物学与分类学的对比,这是该过程中必不可少的第一步。随后是印度河捕获的较西端的排水系统。我们发现跨流域而不是流域内部的物种差异更大,这暗示了维多利亚进化为驱动力。喜马拉雅山是第三极(北极/南极以外最大(但正在迅速缩小)的冰川储层)的组成部分。它独特的水生生物多样性不仅必须得到承认(如此处所述),而且还必须通过广泛的跨国合作加以保护。我们的结果有效地将了植物学与分类学的对比,这是该过程中必不可少的第一步。随后是印度河捕获的较西端的排水系统。我们发现跨流域而不是流域内部的物种差异更大,这暗示了维多利亚进化为驱动力。喜马拉雅山是第三极(北极/南极以外最大(但正在迅速缩小)的冰川储层)的组成部分。它独特的水生生物多样性不仅必须得到承认(如此处所述),而且还必须通过广泛的跨国合作加以保护。我们的结果有效地将了植物学与分类学的对比,这是该过程中必不可少的第一步。它独特的水生生物多样性不仅必须得到承认(如此处所述),而且还必须通过广泛的跨国合作加以保护。我们的结果有效地将了植物学与分类学的对比,这是该过程中必不可少的第一步。它独特的水生生物多样性不仅必须得到承认(如此处所述),而且还必须通过广泛的跨国合作加以保护。我们的结果有效地将了植物学与分类学的对比,这是该过程中必不可少的第一步。
更新日期:2020-10-17
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