Background: Dengue fever is one of the most common human arbovirus infections worldwide. In Pakistan, dengue initially became endemic in the big cities and then expanded to remote areas of the country. The current study reports the dengue epidemics, anti-DENV antibodies prevalence during the active and post-dengue infection, risk factors, disease symptoms, and spotting dengue infection densities in district Swat of Pakistan. Methods: Clinical signs and demographic data of dengue suspected individuals were collected at the time of screening through non-structural protein-1 antigen detection test during 2013–2015. Moreover, selected dengue confirmed individuals were screened for the presence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin (Ig) M and G during the active infection period and post-dengue infection. Results: A total of 8,770 individuals were infected with dengue in 2013 with 36 (0.41%) case fatalities, 307 in 2014 with no case fatality, and 13 in 2015 with no case fatality. The number of male and female cases were 6,139 and 2,631 in 2013, 183 and 124 in 2014, and only 10 and 3 in 2015, respectively. Among all the localities, Tehsil Babozai, an urban setting, reported the highest number of dengue patients during all the study years, that is, 7,673 (87.49% of the total cases) in 2013, 294 (95.76% of the total cases) in 2014, and 13 (100% cases) in 2015. Among 6 age groups, 21–30 years was found to be highly infected in 2013 (37.13% of all cases) and 2014 (33.55%). Furthermore, 1,231 (21.94% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 71 (1.26%) had IgG antibodies in 2013, 78 (26% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 7 (2.33%) had IgG antibodies in 2014, and only 4 (30.76%) patients had IgM and 0 (0%) had IgG antibodies in 2015. Furthermore, urban areas had the highest infection density in district Swat. The majority of the patients in rural areas had a traveling history to the urban areas before their illness. Conclusion: To sum up, male gender, young individuals, and those living in urban areas were at the greater risk of dengue infection.
Intervirology

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦地区特警的登革热流行病和抗登革热病毒抗体持久性的综合研究

背景：登革热是全世界最常见的人类虫媒病毒感染之一。在巴基斯坦，登革热最初在大城市流行，然后扩展到该国的偏远地区。本研究报告了巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区的登革热流行病，活跃和登革热后感染期间的抗DENV抗体流行率，危险因素，疾病症状和登革热感染密度。方法：在2013-2015年期间通过非结构蛋白-1抗原检测测试，在筛查时收集了登革热可疑人群的临床体征和人口统计学数据。此外，在活动感染期和登革热感染后，筛选选定的登革热确诊个体是否存在抗登革热免疫球蛋白（Ig）M和G。结果：2013年，共有8770人感染登革热，造成36例（0.41％）病例死亡，2014年感染307例，无病例死亡，2015年感染13例，无病例死亡。2013年，男性和女性病例分别为6,139和2,631，2014年为183和124，2015年分别为10和3。在所有地区中，城市地区的Tehsil Babozai报告的登革热患者人数在所有研究年度中均最高，即2013年的登革热患者为7,673名（占总病例的87.49％），2004年为294名（占总病例的95.76％）。 2014年和2015年为13（100％病例）。在6个年龄段中，2013年（占所有病例的37.13％）和2014（33.55％）被发现感染21-30岁。此外，2014年有1,231（占所有病例的21.94％）具有IgM抗体，有71（1.26％）有IgG抗体，2014年有78（占所有病例的26％）有IgM抗体和7（2.33％）有IgG抗体，2015年，只有4（30.76％）例患者患有IgM，0例（0％）患者具有IgG抗体。此外，城市地区的斯瓦特地区感染率最高。农村地区的大多数患者在患病之前都有过前往城市的旅行经历。结论：总而言之，男性，年轻人和城市居民的登革热感染风险更高。
病毒学