Polymorphic chromosomal inversions have been implicated in local adaptation. In anopheline mosquitoes, inversions also contribute to epidemiologically relevant phenotypes such as resting behavior. Progress in understanding these phenotypes and their mechanistic basis has been hindered because the only available method for inversion genotyping relies on traditional cytogenetic karyotyping, a rate-limiting and technically difficult approach that is possible only for the fraction of the adult female population at the correct gonotrophic stage. Here, we focus on an understudied malaria vector of major importance in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles funestus. We ascertain and validate tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using high throughput molecular assays that allow rapid inversion genotyping of the three most common An. funestus inversions at scale, overcoming the cytogenetic karyotyping barrier. These same inversions are the only available markers for distinguishing two An. funestus ecotypes that differ in indoor resting behavior, Folonzo and Kiribina. Our new inversion genotyping tools will facilitate studies of ecotypic differentiation in An. funestus and provide a means to improve our understanding of the roles of Folonzo and Kiribina in malaria transmission.

中文翻译：

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非洲热带疟蚊按蚊常见染色体倒位的高通量基因分型

多态性染色体倒位与局部适应有关。在按蚊中，倒位也有助于流行病学相关的表型，例如休息行为。了解这些表型及其机制基础的进展受到阻碍，因为反转基因分型的唯一可用方法依赖于传统的细胞遗传学核型分析，这是一种速率限制且技术上困难的方法，仅适用于处于正确性营养性的成年女性群体中的一小部分。阶段。在这里，我们重点研究撒哈拉以南非洲地区一种重要的疟疾病媒——按蚊。我们使用高通量分子检测来确定和验证标签单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，这些检测可以对三种最常见的An 进行快速反转基因分型。大规模的funestus倒位，克服了细胞遗传学核型分析障碍。这些相同的倒位是区分两个An 的唯一可用标记。funestus生态型的室内休息行为不同，Folonzo 和 Kiribina。我们新的反转基因分型工具将促进 An. 生态型分化的研究。funestus并提供了一种方法来提高我们对 Folonzo 和 Kiribina 在疟疾传播中的作用的理解。